Occurrence of Fusarium head blight and Fusarium crown rot in Algerian wheat: identification of associated species and assessment of aggressiveness

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

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Genetic relationships between resistances to Fusarium head blight and crown rot in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-010-1363-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 941-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Hao Bing Li ◽

Guo Qiang Xie ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Gui Ru Liu ◽

Shu Min Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight

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Fusarium graminearum Possesses Virulence Factors Common to Fusarium Head Blight of Wheat and Seedling Rot of Soybean but Differing in Their Impact on Disease Severity

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-12-13-0355-r ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (11) ◽

pp. 1201-1207 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Luca Sella ◽

Katia Gazzetti ◽

Carla Castiglioni ◽

Wilhelm Schäfer ◽

Francesco Favaron

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Fusarium Graminearum ◽

Map Kinases ◽

Early Stage ◽

Single Gene ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Seedling Rot

Fusarium graminearum is a toxigenic fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) and crown rot on cereal crops worldwide. This fungus also causes damping-off and crown and root rots at the early stage of crop development in soybean cultivated in North and South America. Several F. graminearum genes were investigated for their contribution to FHB in cereals but no inherent study is reported for the dicotyledonous soybean host. In this study we determined the disease severity on soybean seedlings of five single gene disrupted mutants of F. graminearum, previously characterized in wheat spike infection. Three of these mutants are impaired on a specific function as the production of deoxynivalenol (DON, Δtri5), lipase (ΔFgl1), and xylanase (Δxyl03624), while the remaining two are MAP kinase mutants (ΔFgOS-2, Δgpmk1), which are altered in signaling pathways. The mutants that were reduced in virulence (Δtri5, ΔFgl1, and ΔFgOS-2) or are avirulent (Δgpmk1) on wheat were correspondently less virulent or avirulent in soybean seedlings, as shown by the extension of lesions and seedling lengths. The Δxyl03624 mutant was as virulent as the wild type mirroring the behavior observed in wheat. However, a different ranking of symptom severity occurred in the two hosts: the ΔFgOS-2 mutant, that infects wheat spikelets similarly to Δtri5 and ΔFgl1 mutants, provided much reduced symptoms in soybean. Differently from the other mutants, we observed that the ΔFgOS-2 mutant was several fold more sensitive to the glyceollin phytoalexin suggesting that its reduced virulence may be due to its hypersensitivity to this phytoalexin. In conclusion, lipase and DON seem important for full disease symptom development in soybean seedlings, OS-2 and Gpmk1 MAP kinases are essential for virulence, and OS-2 is involved in conferring resistance to the soybean phytoalexin.

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Co-occurrence of Fusarium head blight and crown rot on several wheat cultivars in the South of Iraq Basra Province

10.1063/5.0000108 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Hussein Minati ◽

Mohanned Khalaf Mohammed-Ameen

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

The South ◽

Head Blight ◽

South Of Iraq

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Cytogenetic mapping of a major locus for resistance to Fusarium head blight and crown rot of wheat on Thinopyrum elongatum 7EL and its pyramiding with valuable genes from a Th. ponticum homoeologous arm onto bread wheat 7DL

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-017-2939-8 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 130 (10) ◽

pp. 2005-2024 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Carla Ceoloni ◽

Paola Forte ◽

Ljiljana Kuzmanović ◽

Silvio Tundo ◽

Ilaria Moscetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight ◽

Cytogenetic Mapping ◽

Major Locus ◽

Thinopyrum Elongatum

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Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot on Wheat & Barley: Losses and Health Risks

Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research ◽

10.15406/apar.2015.02.00039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Oadi N Matny

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Health Risks ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight

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Deoxynivalenol Detoxification in Transgenic Wheat Confers Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Crown Rot Diseases

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0155-r ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 583-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Giulia Mandalà ◽

Silvio Tundo ◽

Sara Francesconi ◽

Federica Gevi ◽

Lello Zolla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Durum Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Virulence Factor ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Uridine Diphosphate ◽

Head Blight ◽

Principal Mechanism

Fusarium diseases, including Fusarium head blight (FHB) and Fusarium crown rot (FCR), reduce crop yield and grain quality and are major agricultural problems worldwide. These diseases also affect food safety through fungal production of hazardous mycotoxins. Among these, deoxynivalenol (DON) acts as a virulence factor during pathogenesis on wheat. The principal mechanism underlying plant tolerance to DON is glycosylation by specific uridine diphosphate–dependent glucosyltransferases (UGTs), through which DON-3-β-d-glucoside (D3G) is produced. In this work, we tested whether DON detoxification by UGT could confer to wheat a broad-spectrum resistance against Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum. These widespread Fusarium species affect different plant organs and developmental stages in the course of FHB and FCR. To assess DON-detoxification potential, we produced transgenic durum wheat plants constitutively expressing the barley HvUGT13248 and bread wheat plants expressing the same transgene in flower tissues. When challenged with F. graminearum, FHB symptoms were reduced in both types of transgenic plants, particularly during early to mid-infection stages of the infection progress. The transgenic durum wheat displayed much greater DON-to-D3G conversion ability and a considerable decrease of total DON+D3G content in flour extracts. The transgenic bread wheat exhibited a UGT dose–dependent efficacy of DON detoxification. In addition, we showed, for the first time, that DON detoxification limits FCR caused by F. culmorum. FCR symptoms were reduced throughout the experiment by nearly 50% in seedlings of transgenic plants constitutively expressing HvUGT13248. Our results demonstrate that limiting the effect of the virulence factor DON via in planta glycosylation restrains FHB and FCR development. Therefore, ability for DON detoxification can be a trait of interest for wheat breeding targeting FHB and FCR resistance.

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On the biocontrol by Trichoderma afroharzianum against Fusarium culmorum responsible of fusarium head blight and crown rot of wheat in Algeria

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00416-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hamza Bouanaka ◽

Ines Bellil ◽

Wahiba Harrat ◽

Saoussene Boussaha ◽

Abdelkader Benbelkacem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Fusarium Culmorum ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽

Crown Rot ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Head Blight ◽

Progress Curve

Abstract Background Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is one of the most important cereals in the world. Unfortunately, the wheat plant is a target of several species of the genus Fusarium. This genus causes two serious diseases: fusarium crown rot (FCR) and fusarium head blight (FHB). The search for new indigenous strains of Trichoderma with a high potential for biocontrol against these two diseases was the purpose of this study. Results Biocontrol potential of 15 isolates of Trichoderma (T1 to T15), isolated from different rhizosphere soils and Algerian ecosystems, was evaluated against 4 strains of Fusarium culmorum (FC11, FC2, FC4, and FC20); the main causative agent of FCR and FHB. The efficacy of biological control by Trichoderma spp., evaluated by in vitro tests (direct and indirect confrontation), was confirmed by in vivo bioassays. The in vitro results showed a significant inhibition of mycelial growth of F. culmorum species than the control. The highest percentages of inhibition were obtained by T9, T12, and T14 isolates causing a maximum inhibition percentage of 81.81, 77.27, and 80.68%, respectively. T14 was selected for biocontrol in in vivo testing. A tube and pot experiments for FCR against F. culmorum showed that T14 decreased the disease severity with 50 and 63.63% reduction, respectively. FHB infection was significantly reduced by T14 in all durum wheat cultivars tested, where %AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) reduction was 49.77, 43.43, 48.25, and 74.60% for Simeto, Waha, Bousselem, and Setifis genotypes, respectively. Yields also increased significantly for almost all cultivars. The antagonistic T14 was characterized based on molecular tools, using translation elongation factor1-alpha (TEF1-α) and internal transcribed spacers rDNA (ITS1). The results identified T14 as T. afroharzianum with accession numbers attributed by NCBI GenBank as MW171248 and MW159753. Conclusions Trichoderma afroharzianum, evaluated for the first time in Algeria as biocontrol agent, is a promising biocontrol approach against FCR and FHB.

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