Analysis of spatio-temporal variation in phytoplankton and its relationship with water quality parameters in the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China

In this article, a data matrix of 20 indicators (6960 observations) was obtained from 29 water quality monitoring stations of the Middle Route (MR) of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project of China (SNWDPC). Multivariate statistical techniques including analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis (CA), and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied to understand and identify the interrelationships between the different indicators and the most contributive sources of anthropogenic and natural impacts on water quality. The water quality index (WQI) was used to assess the classification and variation of water quality. The distributions of the indicators revealed that six heavy-metal indicators including arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), selenium (Se), and lead (Pb) were within the Class I standard, while the As, Pb, and Cd displayed spatial variation. Moreover, some physicochemical indicators such as dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (as BOD5), and total phosphorus (TP) had spatio-temporal variability. The correlation analysis result demonstrated that As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Se, Pb, copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) had high correlation coefficients. The PCA result extracted three principal components (PC) accounting for 82.67% of the total variance, while the first PC was indicative of the mixed sources of anthropogenic and natural contributions, the second and the third PCs were mainly controlled by human activities and natural sources, respectively. The calculation results of the WQI showed an excellent water quality of the MR of the SNWDPC where the values of the stations ranged from 10.49 to 17.93, while Hg was the key indicator to determine the WQI > 20 of six stations, which indicated that the Hg can be the main potential threat to water quality and human health in this project. The result suggests that special attention should be paid to the monitoring of Hg, and the investigation and supervision within the areas of high-density human activities in this project should be taken to control the impacts of urban and industrial production and risk sources on water quality.

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Assessment and Management of Pressure on Water Quality Protection along the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11113087 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3087 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Baolong Han ◽

Nan Meng ◽

Jiatian Zhang ◽

Wenbo Cai ◽

Tong Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use Changes ◽

Water Diversion ◽

Water Protection ◽

The South ◽

Water Quality Protection ◽

Functional Zoning ◽

Water Diversion Project ◽

North Water ◽

Global Concern

Water scarcity in densely populated areas is a global concern. In China, ensuring water supply and quality in the middle of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has become a major challenge due to the complexity and diversity of landscape features and the trunk canal construction in the crossing area of this route. Precise assessments of the pressures on water protection along the route are urgently needed. This article provides a rigorous methodological framework to assess water quality protection, identifying the intensity of human disturbance along the route within 2-km radius buffer areas on both sides of the trunk canal, based on land-use changes from 2005 to 2015. The results show that more than 10,000 ha of pervious surfaces were transformed into impervious surfaces, leading to undesirable outcomes. The results of this study can be used for decisive support in China’s environmental management, such as with main functional zoning policy and ecological red lines policy.

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The impact of the operation of Eastern Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project on water quality in Lake Nansi

Journal of Lake Sciences ◽

10.18307/2012.0616 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 923-931 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

ZHAO Shixin ◽

◽

ZHANG Chen ◽

GAO Xueping ◽

LI Wenmeng

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Diversion ◽

The South ◽

Water Diversion Project ◽

North Water ◽

The Impact

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A study on the phytoplankton community structure in the Diaohe River section of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in winter

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2020.247 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yi Xu ◽

Jiankui Liang ◽

Junqiang Lin ◽

Xiaohui Lei ◽

Gongbo Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Phytoplankton Community ◽

Water Diversion ◽

Future Research ◽

River Section ◽

The South ◽

Water Diversion Project ◽

North Water ◽

Quality Indexes

Abstract As the first span and aqueduct of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, Diaohe Aqueduct has brought good engineering and social benefits since its completion. In order to understand the present water quality of the Diaohe River section of the route, four samplings were conducted at Diaohe Aqueduct in the winter of 2018. The main results of this study are as follows: 62 species (or variants) of phytoplankton belonging to 32 genera, 22 families and six phyla were identified during the study period, among which Bacillariophyta are the most dominant species. The identified phytoplankton fall into eight indicator grades: os; ps, αm; ps, αm, βm; αm; αm, βm; αm, βm, os; βm; and βm, os. A total of 17 functional groups are detected, among which TB is the absolute dominant functional group. Based on the composition characteristics of phytoplankton, the water quality trophic state of Diaohe Aqueduct is mesotrophic. However, other physical indexes show that the water quality of the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is good. The conclusions drawn using phytoplankton alone as the evaluation index may not be comprehensive. In future research, how to build a comprehensive index system combining other water quality indexes for the Middle Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project needs yet to be improved and tested.

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Influence of the South–North Water Diversion Project and the mitigation projects on the water quality of Han River

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 406 (1-2) ◽

pp. 57-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Y.P. Zhu ◽

H.P. Zhang ◽

L. Chen ◽

J.F. Zhao

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Diversion ◽

The South ◽

Han River ◽

Water Diversion Project ◽

North Water ◽

Mitigation Projects

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Emergency Control Strategy for Unexpected Water Pollution Accidents in the Middle Route Open Channel of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.519 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1030-1032 ◽

pp. 519-525

Author(s):

Tong Lai Xue ◽

Hui Ming Wu ◽

Wei Hong Liao ◽

Xiao Hui Lei ◽

Hao Xu

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Water Quality ◽

Control Strategy ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Water Diversion ◽

Level Fluctuation ◽

The South ◽

Emergency Control ◽

Water Diversion Project ◽

North Water

This paper takes a typical channel passage in the middle route of the South-to-North water diversion project as an example to study emergency control strategies for unexpected water pollution accidents. A one-dimensional Saint Venant equation and water quality numerical model is developed, considering limitations such as the migration velocity of pollutants, water level fluctuation, and variations in the channel. Emergency control strategies for each gate are proposed for unexpected water pollution accidents and gate closing rules are established. Parameters such as the channel water depletion rate, stabilization time, water level fluctuation, and water quality are simulated under different control strategies in order to ensure the safe operation of water transport and to decide on the control strategy for unexpected water pollution accidents. Such studies can provide reference information for the development of emergency strategies in the middle route of the South-to-North water diversion project.

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Are the Water Quality Improvement Measures of China’s South-to-North Water Diversion Project Effective? A Case Study of Xuzhou Section in the East Route

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17176388 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (17) ◽

pp. 6388

Author(s):

Ye Pan ◽

Yuan Yuan ◽

Ting Sun ◽

Yuxin Wang ◽

Yujing Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Improvement ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Water Quality Parameters ◽

Water Diversion ◽

Quality Data ◽

Water Quality Improvement ◽

North Water ◽

Improvement Measures

Xuzhou is the hub city of the east route of China’s South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project and implemented dozens of measures to ensure the water quality security of the water transmission line. In order to detect the effectiveness of water quality improvement measures, the monthly water quality data of five water quality parameters from 2005 to 2015 of six state-controlled monitoring sites in Xuzhou section were selected for analysis. The results showed that the water quality improved from 2.95 in 2005 to 2.74 in 2015, as assessed by the comprehensive water quality identification index (CWQII), and basically reached the Class III standards of China’s Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water (GB3838-2002) from 2011 to 2015. The trend analysis showed that the decline of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was the most obvious among the five water quality parameters. However, the concentrations of phosphorus (TP) showed significant upward trends at three sites. The positive abrupt change of time series of water quality occurred in 2009–2011. The identification of influencing factors of water quality changes by multivariate statistical methods found that the urbanization factor accompanied by a decrease in agricultural nonpoint source pollution emissions and the enhancement of wastewater treatment capacity, the closure of factories with substandard emissions and precipitation were the major influencing factors of most water quality parameters, which confirmed the effectiveness of measures for water quality improvement in Xuzhou.

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