Evaluation of seedling and adult plant resistance to stem rust in European wheat cultivars

Stem rust susceptibility of European wheats under Australian conditions posed a significant threat to wheat production for the early British settlers in Australia. The famous Australian wheat breeder, William Farrer, tackled the problem of stem rust susceptibility through breeding fast-maturing wheat cultivars. South-eastern Australia suffered a severe stem rust epidemic in 1973, which gave rise to a national approach to breeding for rust resistance. The National Wheat Rust Control Program was set up in 1975, modelled on the University of Sydney’s own rust resistance breeding program, at the University of Sydney Plant Breeding Institute, Castle Hill (now Cobbitty). Back-crossing of a range of sources of resistance provided genetically diverse germplasm for evaluation in various breeding programs. Current efforts are directed to building gene combinations through marker-assisted selection. Major genes for resistance to stem rust and leaf rust are being used in the back-crossing program of the ACRCP to create genetic diversity among Australian germplasm. Stripe rust and to a lesser extent leaf rust resistance in the Australian germplasm is largely based on combinations of adult plant resistance genes and our knowledge of their genomic locations has increased. Additional genes, other than Yr18/Lr34 and Yr29/Lr46, appeared to control adult plant resistance to both leaf rust and stripe rust. Two adult-plant stem rust resistance genes have also been identified. The development of selection technologies to achieve genotype-based selection of resistance gene combinations in the absence of bioassays has evolved in the last 5 years. Robust molecular markers are now available for several commercially important rust resistance genes. Marker-assisted selection for rust resistance is performed routinely in many wheat-breeding programs. Modified pedigree and limited back-cross methods have been used for breeding rust-resistant wheat cultivars in the University of Sydney wheat-breeding program. The single back-cross methodology has proved more successful in producing cultivars with combinations of adult plant resistance genes.

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Adult plant resistance of selected Kenyan wheat cultivars to leaf rust and stem rust diseases

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/0806.44.2016.052 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 68-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Figlan ◽

T.A. Baloyi ◽

T. Hlongoane ◽

T.G. Terefe ◽

H. Shimelis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Rust Diseases

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Assessment of Sources of Adult Plant Resistance Genes to Stem Rust in Ethiopian Durum Wheat Genotypes

Asian Journal of Applied Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajaps.2020.76.83 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 76-83

Author(s):

Abebech Desalegn A ◽

Mesfin Kebede Ges ◽

Gobeze Loha Yada

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Wheat Genotypes

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Inheritance in the Oat Strain C.I. 3034 of Adult Plant Resistance to Race C 10 of Stem Rust 1

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1968.0011183x000800050036x ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 625-627 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. I. H. McKenzie ◽

J. W. Martens

Keyword(s):

Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Adult Plant

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Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp10252 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1036 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J. Zhang ◽

C. R. Wellings ◽

R. A. McIntosh ◽

R. F. Park

Keyword(s):

Leaf Rust ◽

Stripe Rust ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust Resistance ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Rust Diseases

Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

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Inheritance of resistance to stem rust in 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', 'MRFY', 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope' wheats

Genome ◽

10.1139/g88-046 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 269-276

Author(s):

M. Padidam ◽

D. R. Knott

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Plant Resistance ◽

Stem Rust ◽

Adult Plant Resistance ◽

Major Gene ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Puccinia Graminis ◽

Seedling Resistance ◽

Minor Genes

Resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks, and Henn.), particularly adult plant resisitance to race 15B-1, was studied in seven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars or lines: 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', 'MRFY', 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope'. Each of the seven was crossed with a susceptible parent and either F4- or F5-derived lines developed by single seed descent. All of the lines were tested with race 15B-1 in field nurseries. Lines derived from parents carrying seedling resistance to race 15B-1 were also tested as seedlings in the greenhouse with race 15B-1, and in some cases races 56, 29, and C65. The data indicated that 'Bonza' carries Sr6, probably Sr5, an unidentified gene giving resistance to race 56, two unidentified genes for resistance to race C65, and two minor genes that combine to produce intermediate adult plant resistance. 'Chris' carries Sr5, Sr7a, Sr8a, and Sr12. In addition, it may have three minor genes for adult plant resistance. 'FKN-II-50-17' carries Sr6 and may have four minor genes that combine to produce moderate adult plant resistance. 'MRFY', which is seedling susceptible to race 15B-1, carries Sr9b, possibly Sr5, plus an unidentified gene for resistance to C65. In addition, it appears to have one major gene for adult plant resistance plus two or more minor genes. 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope' had only limited resistance to race 15B-1 in the field and no genetic analysis of their crosses was possible. The four parents that had good resistance to race 15B-1 in the field, 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', and 'MRFY', all carry minor genes for adult plant resistance that had little effect individually but produced moderate resistance when combined. The genes Sr5 and Sr9b, which have no effect on resistance to 15B-1 is seedlings, were found to significantly increase resistance in adult plants in the field.Key words: stem rust, Puccinia graminis tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, adult plant rust resistance.

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