Diallel analysis of grain filling rate and grain filling period in tropical maize (Zea mays L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander David L. Josue ◽  
James L. Brewbaker
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Effect of PASP-KT-NAA on Leaf Senescence and Grain Filling Rate during the Grain-Filling Period in Different Temperature Zones

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1698-1709
Author(s):  
Tian-Jun XU ◽  
Zhi-Qiang DONG ◽  
Jiao GAO ◽  
Chuan-Xiao CHEN ◽  
Liu JIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Period

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF SOME GENETIC PARAMETERS FOR EARLINESS AND SOME VEGETATIVE TRAITS IN SOME HULLESS BARLEY GENOTYPES UNDER NORMAL AND WATER STRESS CONDITIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Maamoun Ahmed Abdel-Moneam ◽  
Sally E El-Wakeel ◽  
M. S. Sultan ◽  
A. A. Eid
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Normal Condition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Combined Data

This investigation was carried out at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Egypt during the two growing seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). Seven lines and three testers were used to develop barley hybrids for earliness and vegetative traits under normal and water stress conditions. Data revealed that most of the variances due to genotypes, parents, crosses, parents x crosses, lines, testers and line x testers were highly significant for most studied traits under both conditions and their combined data. The water stress treatment decreased the mean of days to heading for parents and their hybrids. The parental Line-1, Tester-1 under all conditions and top cross no. 7 under normal and combined and cross no. 1 under stress were the earliest parents and crosses for days to heading. The stressed genotypes for water, matured earlier than genotypes grown under normal condition. The ratios of GCA/SCA were lesser than unity for all studied traits under all conditions, which mean that non-additive gene effects played an important role in the inheritance of these traits. In such cases, a bulk method would be fruitful to eliminate the effect of dominance in the advanced generation. Desirable significant GCA effects were showed by Line-1 under water stress and Tester-1 under all conditions for days to heading; Tester-1 under normal and combined for days to maturity; Line-2 under stress and Line-7 under normal condition for grain filling period; Line-4, Line-6 under both conditions and combined, Line-3 under normal, Line-7 under water stress, Tester-3 under both conditions and combined data for grain filling rate; Line-4 under both conditions and their combined data, Line-7 under water stress and combined data, Tester-2 under stress and combined data for flag leaf area; and Line-3 under normal, Line-2 and Line-7 under water stress for total chlorophyll content. Moderate phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variability were obtained for grain filling rate and total chlorophyll content, and high for flag leaf area. Small differences between genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variability were found for all studied traits under all conditions, indicating the presence of sufficient genetic variability for these traits, which may facilitate selection. Broad sense heritability percentages ranged from moderate to high with percentages ranged from 10.82% for days to maturity at combined data to 97.30% for grain filling rate under normal condition. These results indicate that genotypic variances played the major part of phenotypic variances. Narrow sense heritability percentages varied from low to moderate with percentages ranged from 0.92 % for grain filling period at combined data to 18.92% for grain filling rate under normal condition. The expected genetic advance (Δg) ranged from 0.02 for grain filling period at combined data to 0.36 for total chlorophyll conten under normal condition. While, the estimates of predicted genetic advance (Δg %) ranged from 0.04% for grain filling period at combined data to 7.41% for grain filling rate under stress condition. Generally, traits that showed high values of narrow sense heritability and expected genetic advance from selection should be used in breeding program where selection in the early segregating generations will be useful because additive gene action is more important than non-additive genetic components.

Cross-pollination effects on maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid yields

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Weiland
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
N Fertility

Recent studies have shown that pollen from a long-season maize (Zea mays L.) hybrid increased yield of a short-season hybrid by lengthening the effective grain-filling period, while the reciprocal cross did not alter this period or yield. This effect (metaxenia) was evaluated further in the studies reported here with hybrids of more diverse maturity and under both high and low N fertility. In the first year of this study (1989), sib- and cross-pollinations were made among B73Ht × Mo17 (B × 7) and two early-silking hybrids, LH59 × LH146 (L × 6) and Pioneer 3732 (3732) under N-sufficient (275 kg ha−1) and two lower N regimes (17 and 67 kg ha−1). Only a few significant effects were observed and these were noted at high N with one exception. With 3732 pollen, grain yield of B × 7 was decreased at 275 kg N ha−1, and physiological maturity occurred 3 d earlier. Yield of 3732 was increased by L × 6 pollen in comparison with B × 7 pollen. Kernel number and average kernel weight were not altered by pollen source. Pollen type did not affect yields under low N fertility, except for a reduction when B × 7 was pollinated by L × 6 at the 67-kg N ha−1 rate. In 1990, under N-sufficient fertility, B73Ht × LH156 (B × 6), a late-silking hybrid, and LH146 × LH82 (L × 2), an earlier hybrid, were sib- and cross-pollinated with B × 7 and 3732. The only significant effect observed was that L × 2 pollen increased B × 6 yield. Thus with the hybrids used, yields of early-season types were not altered by cross-pollination with long-season types. Previous results showing increased yields when 3732 was pollinated by B × 7 were not duplicated in either year, suggesting metaxenia effects are highly dependent upon environment.Key words: Metaxenia, xenia, cross-pollination, maize, yield, N levels

Grain-filling patterns and nitrogen utilization efficiency of spelt (Triticum spelta) under Mediterranean conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 716-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. KOUTROUBAS ◽  
S. FOTIADIS ◽  
C. A. DAMALAS ◽  
M. PAPAGEORGIOU
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Mediterranean Conditions

SUMMARYThe identification of factors determining the adaptation and nitrogen (N) utilization of spelt wheat is important for the successful introduction of the crop to a new environment. The present study was carried out to investigate the relative importance of grain-filling rate and duration of grain growth and to analyse the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) and biomass production efficiency of spelt under Mediterranean conditions. The performance of spelt was evaluated in relation to a well-adapted bread wheat cultivar. Three spelt cultivars (Ressac, Poème and Cosmos) and one bread wheat cultivar (Centauro) were grown for two growing seasons on a silty clay soil under two N levels (0 and 100 kg N/ha). Grain-filling parameters were estimated using the cubic polynomial model. This model provided good fit to the grain-filling data of spelt cultivars, with high coefficients of determination (R2) that ranged from 0·868 to 0·999. Cultivar differences were found for all grain-filling parameters studied, and these differences accounted for most of the variation observed within each particular grain-filling component in both years. Grain filling of spelt plants took place under adverse environmental conditions, mainly high temperatures, which led to a shortening of the grain-filling period. This fact was not fully compensated by the increase in the grain-filling rate, and eventually resulted in a reduction of the final spelt grain weight. Selection for early-flowering cultivars could be a successful strategy to moderate the influence of the environment on grain filling and improve the adaptation of spelt under Mediterranean conditions. The mean grain-filling rate was positively correlated with dry matter translocation, suggesting the crucial role of reserve assimilates in the vegetative tissues for the grain growth of spelt. The efficiency of N utilization to produce biomass was greater during the grain-filling period than the vegetative period. Averaged across N application rates, NUtE in spelt ranged from 20·1 to 29·5 g grain/g plant N. Cultivar differences in NUtE were observed in both years. Grain yield per unit grain N (grain DM/grain total N at maturity) contributed more to the total variation in NUtE among spelt cultivars compared with N harvest index (NHI). Spelt showed lower NUtE values, probably due to its higher grain N concentration and lower NHI compared with wheat. Low straw N concentration at maturity may be an indicator of improved NUtE in spelt, as evidenced by the negative relationship detected between the two variables. These results provide a better understanding of factors related with the adaptation and N utilization of spelt under Mediterranean conditions.

HERITABILITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS AMONG GRAIN-FILLING PERIOD, SEED WEIGHT AND QUALITY IN FORTY ITALIAN VARIETIES OF CORN (ZEA MAYS L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1101-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PERENZIN ◽  
F. FERRARI ◽  
M. MOTTO
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Forty Italian open-pollinated varieties of corn (Zea mays L.), selected to represent a wide range of plant maturity and grain weight, were evaluated in 1977 and 1978 to determine genetic variances and heritabilities for length and rate of grain-filling period, kernel weight and three seed-quality traits and to examine relationships among these traits. The results showed highly significant genotypic differences and high heritability estimates for most of the traits studied. Moreover, kernel weight and rate of grain filling were found to be closely associated, although this relationship could not be statistically tested. A relatively high correlation was also detected between kernel weight and length of the grain-filling period. The increase in seed weight obtained through a delay in black-layer formation was associated with a higher grain moisture content and a decreased grain protein percentage. A further noteworthy finding of this study was the identification of two varieties which attained a large seed weight in a relatively short time through a very high rate of dry matter accumulation. The implications of these findings are discussed from a physiological and breeding point of view.

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