New phylogenetic information suggests both an increase and at least one loss of cooperative breeding during the evolutionary history of Aphelocoma jays

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena C. Berg ◽  
Robert A. Aldredge ◽  
A. Townsend Peterson ◽  
John E. McCormack
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Breeding ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Phylogenetic and physiological signals in metazoan fossil biomolecules

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (28) ◽  
pp. eaba6883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Wiemann ◽  
Jason M. Crawford ◽  
Derek E. G. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
In Situ Raman ◽  
History Of ◽  
Higher Rank ◽  
And Function ◽  
Molecular Signals

Proteins, lipids, and sugars establish animal form and function. However, the preservation of biological signals in fossil organic matter is poorly understood. Here, we used high-resolution in situ Raman microspectroscopy to analyze the molecular compositions of 113 Phanerozoic metazoan fossils and sediments. Proteins, lipids, and sugars converge in composition during fossilization through lipoxidation and glycoxidation to form endogenous N-, O-, and S-heterocyclic polymers. Nonetheless, multivariate spectral analysis reveals molecular heterogeneities: The relative abundance of glycoxidation and lipoxidation products distinguishes different tissue types. Preserved chelating ligands are diagnostic of different modes of biomineralization. Amino acid–specific fossilization products retain phylogenetic information and capture higher-rank metazoan relationships. Molecular signals survive in deep time and provide a powerful tool for reconstructing the evolutionary history of animals.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics and phylogenetic discordance of cultivated tomato and close wild relatives

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Strickler ◽  
Aureliano Bombarely ◽  
Jesse D Munkvold ◽  
Naama Menda ◽  
Gregory B Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Discordance ◽  
History Of

Background Studies of ancestry are difficult in tomato because it crosses with many wild relatives and species in the tomato clade have diverged very recently. As a result, the phylogeny in relation to its closest relatives remains uncertain. By using coding sequence from Solanum lycopericum, S. galapagense, S. pimpinellifolium, S. corneliomuelleri, and S. tuberosum and genomic sequence from two of cultivated tomato’s closest relatives, S. galapagense and S. pimpinellifolium, as well as an heirloom line, S. lycopersicum ‘Yellow Pear’, we have aimed to resolve the phylogenies of these closely related species as well as identify phylogenetic discordance in the reference cultivated tomato. Results Divergence date estimates suggest divergence of S. lycopersicum, S. galapagense, and S. pimpinellifolium happened less than 0.5 MYA. Phylogenies based on 8,857 coding sequences support grouping of S. lycopersicum and S. galapagense, although two secondary trees are also highly represented. A total of 29 genes in our analysis showed evidence of selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage. Whole genome phylogenies showed that while incongruence is prevalent in genomic comparisons between these accessions, likely as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression, a primary phylogenetic history was strongly supported. Conclusions Based on analysis of these accessions, S. galapagense appears to be closely related to S. lycopersicum, suggesting they had a common ancestor prior to the arrival of an S. galapagense ancestor to the Galápagos Islands, but after divergence of the sequenced S. pimpinellifolium. Genes showing selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage may be important in domestication. Further analysis of intraspecific data in these species will help to establish the evolutionary history of cultivated tomato. The use of an heirloom line is helpful in deducing true phylogenetic information of S. lycopersicum and identifying regions of introgression from wild species.

Conclusion: Where To From Here?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Cadotte ◽  
T. Jonathan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Evolutionary Patterns ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Community Data ◽  
The Common ◽  
Made In

This book has explored the major methods and concepts in the field of ecophylogenetics. It has considered many of the common statistics and metrics used by ecologists when testing ecophylogenetic hypotheses at both small and large scales. The power of this approach is predicated on the assumption that phylogeny provides information on the evolutionary history of traits that cannot be inferred simply from community data. This concluding chapter reviews some of the advances that have been made in terms of predicting ecology from evolutionary patterns, combining trait and phylogenetic information, and developing a more predictive science of climate change and the biology of species invasions. It also discusses several possible trajectories for ecophylogenetic analyses in the future that will be important in moving the field forward. Finally, it looks at the benefits of a synthesis between ecology and evolution.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics and phylogenetic discordance of cultivated tomato and close wild relatives

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan R Strickler ◽  
Aureliano Bombarely ◽  
Jesse D Munkvold ◽  
Naama Menda ◽  
Gregory B Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Phylogenetic Information ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Discordance ◽  
History Of

Background Studies of ancestry are difficult in tomato because it crosses with many wild relatives and species in the tomato clade have diverged very recently. As a result, the phylogeny in relation to its closest relatives remains uncertain. By using coding sequence from Solanum lycopericum, S. galapagense, S. pimpinellifolium, S. corneliomuelleri, and S. tuberosum and genomic sequence from two of cultivated tomato’s closest relatives, S. galapagense and S. pimpinellifolium, as well as an heirloom line, S. lycopersicum ‘Yellow Pear’, we have aimed to resolve the phylogenies of these closely related species as well as identify phylogenetic discordance in the reference cultivated tomato. Results Divergence date estimates suggest divergence of S. lycopersicum, S. galapagense, and S. pimpinellifolium happened less than 0.5 MYA. Phylogenies based on 8,857 coding sequences support grouping of S. lycopersicum and S. galapagense, although two secondary trees are also highly represented. A total of 29 genes in our analysis showed evidence of selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage. Whole genome phylogenies showed that while incongruence is prevalent in genomic comparisons between these accessions, likely as a result of incomplete lineage sorting and introgression, a primary phylogenetic history was strongly supported. Conclusions Based on analysis of these accessions, S. galapagense appears to be closely related to S. lycopersicum, suggesting they had a common ancestor prior to the arrival of an S. galapagense ancestor to the Galápagos Islands, but after divergence of the sequenced S. pimpinellifolium. Genes showing selection along the S. lycopersicum lineage may be important in domestication. Further analysis of intraspecific data in these species will help to establish the evolutionary history of cultivated tomato. The use of an heirloom line is helpful in deducing true phylogenetic information of S. lycopersicum and identifying regions of introgression from wild species.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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