Carbon loss estimates from cultivated peat soils in Norway: a comparison of three methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Grønlund ◽  
Atle Hauge ◽  
Anders Hovde ◽  
Daniel P. Rasse
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Peat Soils

scholarly journals Active virus-host interactions at sub-freezing temperatures in Arctic peat soil

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Trubl ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kimbrel ◽  
Jose Liquet-Gonzalez ◽  
Erin E. Nuccio ◽  
Peter K. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Viral Community ◽  
Freezing Temperatures

Abstract Background Winter carbon loss in northern ecosystems is estimated to be greater than the average growing season carbon uptake and is primarily driven by microbial decomposers. Viruses modulate microbial carbon cycling via induced mortality and metabolic controls, but it is unknown whether viruses are active under winter conditions (anoxic and sub-freezing temperatures). Results We used stable isotope probing (SIP) targeted metagenomics to reveal the genomic potential of active soil microbial populations under simulated winter conditions, with an emphasis on viruses and virus-host dynamics. Arctic peat soils from the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research site in Alaska were incubated under sub-freezing anoxic conditions with H218O or natural abundance water for 184 and 370 days. We sequenced 23 SIP-metagenomes and measured carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux throughout the experiment. We identified 46 bacterial populations (spanning 9 phyla) and 243 viral populations that actively took up 18O in soil and respired CO2 throughout the incubation. Active bacterial populations represented only a small portion of the detected microbial community and were capable of fermentation and organic matter degradation. In contrast, active viral populations represented a large portion of the detected viral community and one third were linked to active bacterial populations. We identified 86 auxiliary metabolic genes and other environmentally relevant genes. The majority of these genes were carried by active viral populations and had diverse functions such as carbon utilization and scavenging that could provide their host with a fitness advantage for utilizing much-needed carbon sources or acquiring essential nutrients. Conclusions Overall, there was a stark difference in the identity and function of the active bacterial and viral community compared to the unlabeled community that would have been overlooked with a non-targeted standard metagenomic analysis. Our results illustrate that substantial active virus-host interactions occur in sub-freezing anoxic conditions and highlight viruses as a major community-structuring agent that likely modulates carbon loss in peat soils during winter, which may be pivotal for understanding the future fate of arctic soils' vast carbon stocks.

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Stock in the Peat Soils of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
MJ Uddin ◽  
ASM Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Agricultural Use

There are a very few study on the estimation of carbon stocks in the peat soils of Bangladesh. There are three categories of peat soils in Bangladesh: Sapric peat, Hemic peat and Fibric peat. A study was conducted in these three kinds of peat soils at 100 cm depths regarding their stock. The study shows that the carbon in peat soils is about 0.12 Pg whereas it was about 0.25 Pg during 1970s. So, it was found that soil organic carbon loss is alarming and it has been reduced by half during 50 years of agricultural intensification in Bangladesh. These peat soils are losing their carbon due to the decrease of inundation level by climate change, intensive agricultural use and even fuel use for cooking purposes by the local stakeholders. So, it is very much urgent to take steps in preserving the peat soils of Bangladesh. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(1): 127-136, June 2019

Influence of the method of sowing and seeding rate on the yield of alfalfa in the south of Belarus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Ptashec ◽  
Lyudmila Luchenok
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
The South ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Grass Stand

The results of studies on the influence of agrotechnological techniques on the productivity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), cultivation on agro-peat soils in the south of Belarus were presented. It was established that the yield of green mass on average over 4 years of life was 393.6–517.9 c / ha when sown under cover and 494.3–629.8 centners ha-1 with coverless sowing. Productivity — 56.5–75.1 and 69.5–89.7 centners ha-1, respectively. A positive correlation between the increase in the yield and productivity of the grass stand with an rise in the seeding rate and doses of fertilizers applied was noted.

Optimal set of technological techniques for lucerne yellow-flowered cultivation in southern Belarus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Luchenok ◽  
Aleksandr Yuzupanov
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soils ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Optimal Set

The data on the yield of lucerne (Medicago falcate) when cultivated on agro-peat soils in the conditions of southern Belarus was presented. It has been established that the yield of green mass in 4 years of life averaged 422.9 centner per ha at sowing under cover and 472.4 centner per ha at bloodless sowing. Productivity — 57.7 and 68.2 centner feed units ha–1 respectively. A small level of response to the application of various technological techniques was noted.

Modes of agricultural use, productivity and fertility of developed lowland peat soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Glubokovskih
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Fodder Crop ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Fodder Crop Rotation

The results of many years of research on the cultivation of crops in fodder crop rotation on dried peat soil are presented. A productive and agroecological assessment of crop rotation with various saturation with perennial grasses is given. The data on the reduction of peat reserves and changes in the agrochemical properties of the soil are presented.

Restoration of Raised Bogs in the Khanty-Mansiysk Ob Region after Reclamation of Oil- and Salt-Polluted Peat Soils in 2003–2005

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
E. A. Shishkonakova ◽  
S. Ya. Trofimov ◽  
N. A. Avetov ◽  
A. V. Arzamazova ◽  
R. R. Kinzhaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soils ◽  
Raised Bogs

Productivity of the forage of perennial grasses and their mixtures on drained peatlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (91) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
V.H. Kurhak ◽  
M.I. Shtakal ◽  
V.M. Shtakal
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Bromus Inermis ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
High Productivity

There showed the productivity, chemical composition of feed and the timing of mowing of grass and variety mixes of permanent grasses on drained peat soils of Left Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The presence of early rip­ ened seeded grass provides a uniform supply use mowed mass from middle May until the end of September and the productivity of lands, which ranges from 10 to 14 t/ha of dry weight, metabolizable energy – 100.0 – 130.0 GJ and feed units 7-11 t/ha. Additional manuring of N90 on the background Р45К120 is effective at the start of second year of use. On the organization of hay conveyors of different ripening time herbages is possible to extend the optimal tim­ ing of mowing of green mass to 25-35 days. Best among the early-maturing grass crops are Dactylis glomerata va­ riety Kyivska rannia-1 with Alopecurus pratensis variety Sarnenskiy ranniy or its mixture with Bromus inermis and Festuca pratensis. With medium ripening – pure sowing eastern fescue of variety Lyudmila, Phalaris arundinacea variety Sarnenski-40, Bromus inermis variety Arsen and their compounds. High productivity of late-ripening herb­ age is provided by the inclusion in the composition of grass mixtures of Phleum pratense L. variety Vyshgorodska and Dactylis glomerata of variety Ukrainka, and Agrostis gigantea Roth variety Sarnenska piznia. It is also possible organization hay conveyors of different ripening varieties of Dactylis glomerata varieties Kyivska rannia, Muravka, Ukrainka.

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