Subsidence rates and carbon loss in peat soils following conversion to pasture in the Waikato Region, New Zealand

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Schipper ◽  
M. McLeod
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Peat Soils

Fate of urine nitrogen on mineral and peat soils in New Zealand

1996 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Clough ◽  
R. R. Sherlock ◽  
K. C. Cameron ◽  
S. F. Ledgard
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Peat Soils

scholarly journals Active virus-host interactions at sub-freezing temperatures in Arctic peat soil

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Trubl ◽  
Jeffrey A. Kimbrel ◽  
Jose Liquet-Gonzalez ◽  
Erin E. Nuccio ◽  
Peter K. Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Active Virus ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Viral Community ◽  
Freezing Temperatures

Abstract Background Winter carbon loss in northern ecosystems is estimated to be greater than the average growing season carbon uptake and is primarily driven by microbial decomposers. Viruses modulate microbial carbon cycling via induced mortality and metabolic controls, but it is unknown whether viruses are active under winter conditions (anoxic and sub-freezing temperatures). Results We used stable isotope probing (SIP) targeted metagenomics to reveal the genomic potential of active soil microbial populations under simulated winter conditions, with an emphasis on viruses and virus-host dynamics. Arctic peat soils from the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research site in Alaska were incubated under sub-freezing anoxic conditions with H218O or natural abundance water for 184 and 370 days. We sequenced 23 SIP-metagenomes and measured carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux throughout the experiment. We identified 46 bacterial populations (spanning 9 phyla) and 243 viral populations that actively took up 18O in soil and respired CO2 throughout the incubation. Active bacterial populations represented only a small portion of the detected microbial community and were capable of fermentation and organic matter degradation. In contrast, active viral populations represented a large portion of the detected viral community and one third were linked to active bacterial populations. We identified 86 auxiliary metabolic genes and other environmentally relevant genes. The majority of these genes were carried by active viral populations and had diverse functions such as carbon utilization and scavenging that could provide their host with a fitness advantage for utilizing much-needed carbon sources or acquiring essential nutrients. Conclusions Overall, there was a stark difference in the identity and function of the active bacterial and viral community compared to the unlabeled community that would have been overlooked with a non-targeted standard metagenomic analysis. Our results illustrate that substantial active virus-host interactions occur in sub-freezing anoxic conditions and highlight viruses as a major community-structuring agent that likely modulates carbon loss in peat soils during winter, which may be pivotal for understanding the future fate of arctic soils' vast carbon stocks.

Inventories and elemental accumulation in peat soils of forested seabird breeding islands, southern New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hawke ◽  
J. Newman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
The Other ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Elemental Accumulation

We determined inventories and accumulation of C, N, P, and Cd in 2 profiles from sooty shearwater (Puffinus griseus) breeding colonies. Inventories (0–70 cm, F horizon) were: 42.9 kg/m2 (C; both profiles), 1.39 and 1.95 kg/m2 (N), 2.52 and 3.99 × 10-2 kg/m2 (P), and 9.89 and 9.69 × 10-5 kg/m2 (Cd). Radiocarbon analysis for accumulation calculations was invalid in one profile due to bioturbation. Accumulation rates (95% confidence interval) for the other profile were: 61–76 g/m2.year (C), 2.0–2.4 g/m2.year (N), 0.036–0.044 g/m2.year (P), and 0.14–0.17 mg/m2.year (Cd). These accumulation data were within the range of other pristine peat systems, but lower than those with high anthropogenic inputs. Applying literature estimates of gross inputs indicated that only 0.6–2.2% of N and 0.1–0.6% of P were retained over the 567–705-year accumulation period.

scholarly journals Estimation of Carbon Stock in the Peat Soils of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
MJ Uddin ◽  
ASM Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Agricultural Use

There are a very few study on the estimation of carbon stocks in the peat soils of Bangladesh. There are three categories of peat soils in Bangladesh: Sapric peat, Hemic peat and Fibric peat. A study was conducted in these three kinds of peat soils at 100 cm depths regarding their stock. The study shows that the carbon in peat soils is about 0.12 Pg whereas it was about 0.25 Pg during 1970s. So, it was found that soil organic carbon loss is alarming and it has been reduced by half during 50 years of agricultural intensification in Bangladesh. These peat soils are losing their carbon due to the decrease of inundation level by climate change, intensive agricultural use and even fuel use for cooking purposes by the local stakeholders. So, it is very much urgent to take steps in preserving the peat soils of Bangladesh. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(1): 127-136, June 2019

Effect of development and cultivation on physical properties of peat soils in New Zealand

Geoderma ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D.A. McLay ◽  
R.F. Allbrook ◽  
K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Peat Soils

Carbon loss estimates from cultivated peat soils in Norway: a comparison of three methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Grønlund ◽  
Atle Hauge ◽  
Anders Hovde ◽  
Daniel P. Rasse
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Loss ◽  
Peat Soils

Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries: Primary Distance Indicators

1999 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 563-566
Author(s):  
J. D. Pritchard ◽  
W. Tobin ◽  
J. V. Clausen ◽  
E. F. Guinan ◽  
E. L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Eclipsing Binaries ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Distance Indicators

Our collaboration involves groups in Denmark, the U.S.A. Spain and of course New Zealand. Combining ground-based and satellite (IUEandHST) observations we aim to determine accurate and precise stellar fundamental parameters for the components of Magellanic Cloud Eclipsing Binaries as well as the distances to these systems and hence the parent galaxies themselves. This poster presents our latest progress.

Heat-Etching with a Bullivant Type II Simple Freeze-Cleave Device

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 106-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Weinstein ◽  
N. Scott McNutt
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Massachusetts General Hospital ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Collaborative Effort ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The University

The Type I simple cold block device was described by Bullivant and Ames in 1966 and represented the product of the first successful effort to simplify the equipment required to do sophisticated freeze-cleave techniques. Bullivant, Weinstein and Someda described the Type II device which is a modification of the Type I device and was developed as a collaborative effort at the Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Auckland, New Zealand. The modifications reduced specimen contamination and provided controlled specimen warming for heat-etching of fracture faces. We have now tested the Mass. General Hospital version of the Type II device (called the “Type II-MGH device”) on a wide variety of biological specimens and have established temperature and pressure curves for routine heat-etching with the device.

A Cytochemical Study of Glucose-6-Phosphatase (G-6-PASE) in Cells Participating in Atherogenesis of Rabbit Aorta

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 460-461
Author(s):  
Sidney D. Kobernick ◽  
Edna A. Elfont ◽  
Neddra L. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Aortic Wall ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Plaque Formation ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Cellular Alteration ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

This cytochemical study was designed to investigate early metabolic changes in the aortic wall that might lead to or accompany development of atherosclerotic plaques in rabbits. The hypothesis that the primary cellular alteration leading to plaque formation might be due to changes in either carbohydrate or lipid metabolism led to histochemical studies that showed elevation of G-6-Pase in atherosclerotic plaques of rabbit aorta. This observation initiated the present investigation to determine how early in plaque formation and in which cells this change could be observed.Male New Zealand white rabbits of approximately 2000 kg consumed normal diets or diets containing 0.25 or 1.0 gm of cholesterol per day for 10, 50 and 90 days. Aortas were injected jin situ with glutaraldehyde fixative and dissected out. The plaques were identified, isolated, minced and fixed for not more than 10 minutes. Incubation and postfixation proceeded as described by Leskes and co-workers.

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