Rockfall Hazard Assessment Around Ankara Citadel (Turkey) Using Rockfall Analyses and Hazard Rating System

Slope instability along highways in mountainous areas is not only a major hazard for lives and passing vehicles but also may hinder traffic for long period and thus create significant economic loss. The most common type of slope instability failures in such areas is rockfalls. Many qualitative rockfall hazard rating systems (RHRSs) have been developed across the world. However, the Middle East almost lacks to such systems. For instance, in Saudi Arabia, which has the largest economy in the region, only one system of rockfall hazard rating system (RHRS-SA) has been developed up to now. This paper aimed to critically review this system. Some drawbacks were found in the RHRS-SA. However, the main disadvantage was that the final rating score of risk is not consistent with risk definition. In sum, the remarkable findings of this review can be accounted either for any future modifications for the RHRS-SA or to develop a new rockfall hazard rating system but for a specific area(s) in Saudi Arabia.

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VERMONT'S ROCKFALL HAZARD RATING SYSTEM

10.1130/abs/2018ne-310388 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ethan Thomas ◽

Keyword(s):

Rating System ◽

Rockfall Hazard ◽

Hazard Rating

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Rockfall hazard assessment along a road on the Peloritani Mountains (northeastern Sicily, Italy)

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-14-2735-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2735-2748 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

G. Pappalardo ◽

S. Mineo ◽

F. Rapisarda

Keyword(s):

Hazard Assessment ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Rockfall Hazard ◽

The Road ◽

Tourist Destinations ◽

Tectonic History ◽

Access Road ◽

Hazard Rating ◽

Northeastern Sicily

Abstract. A hazard assessment has been performed on rock slopes impending over a segment of the Taorminese Road, which connects two popular tourist destinations in northeastern Sicily: the urban centers of Taormina and Castelmola. The road crosses steep rock slopes with a complex geological and tectonic history. The section of the road close to Castelmola is often affected by rockfall phenomena, causing injury to people and serious damage to buildings and traffic. The study analyzes the geostructural setting of the unstable rock masses, by evaluating their mechanical properties and the kinematics of potential failures. Rockfall simulations confirm that falling rocks would involve the Taorminese Road with different kinetic energy rates and prove useful for suggesting the most suitable mitigation technologies for future remedial works. The modified Rockfall Hazard Rating System has been applied to highlight the different levels of hazard along the road. The compiled hazard map shows that portions of the slopes need urgent remedial works, especially because Taorminese is the only access road to Castelmola and its interruption would lead to the isolation of the village.

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Modification and statistical analysis of the Colorado Rockfall Hazard Rating System

Engineering Geology ◽

10.1016/j.enggeo.2008.08.009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 104 (1-2) ◽

pp. 55-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Paul M. Santi ◽

Christopher P. Russell ◽

Jerry D. Higgins ◽

Jessica I. Spriet

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Rating System ◽

Rockfall Hazard ◽

Hazard Rating

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Rockfall Hazard Rating System: Benefits of Utilizing Remote Sensing

Environmental and Engineering Geoscience ◽

10.2113/eeg-1812 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 1078-7275.EEG-1812 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

El Hachemi Yousef Bouali ◽

Thomas Oommen ◽

Stanley Vitton ◽

Rudiger Escobar-Wolf ◽

Colin Brooks

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Rating System ◽

Rockfall Hazard ◽

Hazard Rating

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Comparison between qualitative rockfall risk rating systems for a road affected by high traffic intensity

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-13-1643-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1643-1653 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

P. Budetta ◽

M. Nappi

Keyword(s):

Rating System ◽

Traffic Intensity ◽

Rock Slopes ◽

Rating Systems ◽

Rockfall Hazard ◽

The Road ◽

Risk Rating ◽

System A ◽

Sight Distance ◽

Hazard Rating

Abstract. The paper deals with the assessment of the rockfall risk for a road stretch, in southern Italy, affected by high traffic intensity. Three qualitative rockfall risk rating systems (QRSs) which use an exponential scoring with a base of 3 were employed, and then the results were compared. The used methods are the following: the Rockfall Hazard Rating System, a modified version of this method already proposed in the past by one of the authors, and the modified version of the Colorado Rockfall Hazard Rating System. The studied road stretch is about 11 km in length and is part of a very tortuous road flanked by rock slopes characterised by complex geostructural and geomechanical layouts. The road was subdivided into 56 sections, defined so as to have – as much as possible – homogeneous geological characteristics. By means of the three QRSs, it was possible to ascertain that high levels of rockfall risks are due to the lack of ditches, a very limited percentage of decision sight distance (PDSD) values and a small roadway width, whereas a subordinate factor is the hazard caused by rockfalls. Several positive and negative aspects arising from the use of the employed methods are highlighted and discussed.

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Catchment Ditches along Ohio Roadways

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.1177/0361198105191300119 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 1913 (1) ◽

pp. 197-204

Author(s):

Jesse W. Davis ◽

Abdul Shakoor

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Rock Slope ◽

New York State ◽

Rating System ◽

York State ◽

Rockfall Hazard ◽

Design Guide ◽

Rockfall Simulation ◽

Hazard Rating

The effectiveness of catchment ditches along Ohio roadways was evaluated for 100 sites with the Oregon Rockfall Hazard Rating System (RHRS), the New York State Rock Slope Rating Procedure (RSRP), the Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program (CRSP), and the Oregon Rockfall Catchment Area Design Guide. From the results of this evaluation, 48% of the ditches were ranked as adequate within an acceptable level of risk, 28% were ranked as marginally adequate, and 24% were ranked as inadequate. Although qualitative in nature, the ditch evaluation portion of the Oregon RHRS was found useful. None of the ditches evaluated met the Ritchie ditch depth criteria as used in RSRP. CRSP provided valuable information when the entire road cut was accessible for data collection. Because of slope height restrictions, the Oregon Rockfall Catchment Area Design Guide provided ditch evaluations for only 44% of the sites.

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