Lectins influence chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in limb bud mesenchymal cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Talaei-Khozani ◽  
Malihezaman Monsefi ◽  
Mansoureh Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Development ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vogel ◽  
C. Tickle

The polarizing region is a major signalling tissue involved in patterning the tissues of the vertebrate limb. The polarizing region is located at the posterior margin of the limb bud and can be recognized by its ability to induce additional digits when grafted to the anterior margin of a chick limb bud. The signal from the polarizing region operates at the tip of the bud in the progress zone, a zone of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, maintained by interactions with the apical ectodermal ridge. A number of observations have pointed to a link between the apical ectodermal ridge and signalling by the polarizing region. To test this possibility, we removed the posterior apical ectodermal ridge of chick wing buds and assayed posterior mesenchyme for polarizing activity. When the apical ectodermal ridge is removed, there is a marked decrease in polarizing activity of posterior cells. The posterior apical ectodermal ridge is known to express FGF-4 and we show that the decrease in polarizing activity of posterior cells of wing buds that normally follows ridge removal can be prevented by implanting a FGF-4-soaked bead. Furthermore, we show that both ectoderm and FGF-4 maintain polarizing activity of limb bud cells in culture.


Development ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
T. E. Kwasigroch ◽  
D. M. Kochhar

Two techniques were used to examine the effect of vitamin A compounds (vitamin A acid = retinoic acid and vitamin A acetate) upon the relative strengths of adhesion among mouse limb-bud mesenchymal cells. Treatment with retinoic acid in vivo and with vitamin A acetate in vitro reduced the rate at which the fragments of mesenchyme rounded-up when cultured on a non-adhesive substratum, but these compounds did not alter the behavior of tissues tested in fragment-fusion experiments. These conflicting results indicate that the two tests measure different activities of cells and suggest that treatment with vitamin A alters the property(ies) of cells which regulate the internal viscosity of tissues.


Bone ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinping Zhang ◽  
Navid Ziran ◽  
J.Jeffery Goater ◽  
Edward M Schwarz ◽  
J.Edward Puzas ◽  
...  

Biochimie ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Ae Choi ◽  
Dong-Kyun Kim ◽  
Shin-Sung Kang ◽  
Jong-Kyung Sonn ◽  
Eun-Jung Jin

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuya Matsutani ◽  
Yukiaki Kuroda
Keyword(s):  

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-97
Author(s):  
Robert A. Kosher ◽  
Mary P. Savage ◽  
Sai-Chung Chan

It has been suggested that one of the major functions of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) of the embryonic chick limb-bud is to maintain mesenchymal cells directly subjacent to it (i.e. cells extending 00·4–00·5 mm from the AER) in a labile, undifferentiated condition. We have attempted to directly test this hypothesis by subjecting the undifferentiated subridgemesoderm of stage-25 embryonic chick wing-buds to organ culture in the presence and absence of the AER and the ectoderm that normally surrounds the mesoderm dorsally and ventrally. During the period of culture, control explants comprised of the subridge mesoderm capped by the AER and surrounded by the dorsal/ventral ectoderm undergo progressivemorphogenesis characterized by polarized proximal to distal outgrowth and changes in the contour of the developing explant, and ultimately form a structure grossly resembling a normal distal wing-bud tip. In contrast, explants from which the AER and dorsal/ventral ectoderm have been removed (minus ectoderm explants) or from which just the AER has been removed (minus AER explants) form compact, rounded masses exhibiting no signs of morphogenesis. During the polarized proximal to distal outgrowth control explants undergo during the first 3 days of culture, as cells of the explant become located greater than 0·4– 0·5 mm from the AER, they concomitantly undergo a sequence of changes indicative of their differentiation into cartilage. However, those cells which remain 0·4–0·5 mm from the AER during this period retain the characteristics of non-specialized mesenchymal cells. In marked contrast to control explants, virtually all of the cells of minus ectoderm explants initiate chondrogenic differentiation during the first day of culture. Cells comprising the central core of minus AER explants also initiate chondrogenic differentiation during the first day of culture, but in contrast to minus ectoderm explants, non-chondrogenic tissue types form along the periphery of the explants subjacent to the dorsal/ventral ectoderm. These results indicate that the AER maintains cells directly subjacent to it in a labile, undifferentiated condition, and that when mesenchymal cells are freed from the AER's influence either artificially or as a result of normal polarized outgrowth, they are freed to commence cytodifferentiation. The results further suggest that the dorsal/ventral ectoderm may have an influence on the differentiation of the mesenchymal cells directly subjacent to it, once the cells have been removed from the influence of the AER.


Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Author(s):  
Robert O. Kelley ◽  
John F. Fallon

Sub-ridge, core, anterior and posterior borders of mesoderm were dissected from stages 22–24 chick wing buds to investigate whether structures for intercellular coupling develop between mesenchymal cells. Fine structure was examined using techniques of transmission electron microscopy, freeze-fracture and scanning electron microscopy. Gap (communicating) junctions which were observed between mesenchymal cells of all limb bud regions were distributed between apposed cell bodies, points of contact between cell processes and other cell bodies, and between contacting tips of slender cell projections. In addition, particularly in the subridge region, filopodia were observed to extend through the intercellular matrix to contact other cells several micrometers distant. The observations reported in this paper show that mesodermal cells throughout the limb have the structural capability for electrotonic and metabolic coupling during a critical period of morphogensisis in the avian limb. Whether intercellular signals which are thought to be transmitted through gap junctions are active in normal limb development remains to be investigated.


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