Phenotypic plasticity of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis in response to nitrogen addition and intraspecific competition

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 637 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong jun Zhao ◽  
Hua Qing ◽  
Cong jiao Zhao ◽  
Chang fang Zhou ◽  
Wen guang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Nitrogen Addition

scholarly journals Effects of Ultraviolet-B Irradiance on Intraspecific Competition and Facilitation of Plants: Self-Thinning, Size Inequality, and Phenotypic Plasticity

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e50822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui-Chang Zhang ◽  
Yue Lin ◽  
Ming Yue ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Xiao-Fei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Size Inequality

scholarly journals An experimental investigation of how intraspecific competition and phenotypic plasticity can promote the evolution of novel, complex phenotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Levis ◽  
Carly G Fuller ◽  
David W Pfennig
Keyword(s):  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification ◽  
Evolutionary Innovation ◽  
Spadefoot Toad ◽  
Scaphiopus Holbrookii ◽  
Novel Complex

Abstract Intraspecific competition has long been considered a key driver of evolutionary diversification, but whether it can also promote evolutionary innovation is less clear. Here we examined the interplay between competition and phenotypic plasticity in fuelling the origins of a novel, complex phenotype – a distinctive carnivore morph found in spadefoot toad tadpoles (genus Spea) that specializes on fairy shrimp. We specifically sought to explore the possible origins of this phenotype by providing shrimp to Scaphiopus holbrookii tadpoles (the sister genus to Spea that does not produce carnivores) while subjecting them to competition for their standard diet of detritus. Previous research had shown that this species will eat shrimp when detritus is limited, and that these shrimp-fed individuals produce features that are redolent of a rudimentary Spea carnivore. In this study, we found that: (1) behavioural and morphological plasticity enabled some individuals to expand their diet to include shrimp; (2) there was heritable variation in this plasticity; and (3) individuals received a growth and development benefit by eating shrimp. Thus, novel resource use can arise via plasticity as an adaptive response to intraspecific competition. More generally, our results show how competition and plasticity may interact to pave the way for the evolution of complex, novel phenotypes, such as the distinctive carnivore morph in present-day Spea.

scholarly journals The Effect of Artificial Mowing on the Competition of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora in the Yangtze Estuary

Scientifica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Yuan ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Dezhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Interaction Strength ◽  
Yangtze Estuary ◽  
The Yangtze Estuary ◽  
Neighbor Effect ◽  
Index Effect

Spartina alterniflora Loisel. is one of the most invasive species in the world. However, little is known about the role of artificial mowing in its invasiveness and competiveness. In this work, we studied the effect of mowing on its interspecific interactions with native species Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin ex Steud of the Yangtze Estuary, China. We calculated their relative neighbor effect (RNE) index, effect of relative crowding (Dr) index, and interaction strength (I) index. The results showed that the RNE of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora was 0.354 and 0.619, respectively, and they have competitive interactions. The mowing treatments can significantly influence the RNE of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora on each other. Concretely, the RNE of Spartina alterniflora in the removal treatments was significantly higher than the value in the controls. But the RNE of Phragmites australis in the removal treatments was significantly lower than the value in the controls. Meanwhile, Dr of the two species on the targets was higher in the removal treatments than that in the controls, and the opposite was for I. We concluded that artificial mowing could promote the invasion of Spartina alterniflora by increasing its competitive performance compared with native species.

scholarly journals Increased nitrogen input enhances Kandelia obovata seedling growth in the presence of invasive Spartina alterniflora in subtropical regions of China

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 20160760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Cui ◽  
Weimin Song ◽  
Jianxiang Feng ◽  
Dai Jia ◽  
Jiemin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Kandelia Obovata ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
N Input ◽  
Mangrove Seedlings ◽  
Interaction Intensity

Mangroves in China are severely affected by the rapid invasion of the non-native species Spartina alterniflora . Although many studies have addressed the possible impacts of S. alterniflora on the performance of mangrove seedlings, how excessive nitrogen (N) input due to eutrophication affects the interactions between mangrove species and S. alterniflora remains unknown. Here, we report the results from a mesocosm experiment using seedlings of the native mangrove species Kandelia obovata and the exotic S. alterniflora grown in monoculture and mixed culture under no nitrogen addition and nitrogen (N) addition treatments for 18 months. Without N addition, the presence of S. alterniflora inhibited the growth of K. obovata seedlings. Excessive N addition significantly increased the growth rate of K. obovata in both cultures. However, the positive and significantly increasing relative interaction intensity index under excessive N input suggested that the invasion of S. alterniflora could favour the growth of K. obovata under eutrophication conditions. Our results imply that excessive N input in southeastern China can increase the competitive ability of mangrove seedlings against invasive S. alterniflora .

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