Brief Report: Memory Performance on the California Verbal Learning Test - Children’s Version in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather L. Phelan ◽  
Jillian H. Filliter ◽  
Shannon A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Learning Test

scholarly journals Intact context memory performance in adults with autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidni A. Justus ◽  
Patrick S. Powell ◽  
Audrey Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Memory Accuracy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Context Memory

AbstractResearch on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) finds increased difficulty encoding contextual associations in episodic memory and suggests executive dysfunction (e.g., selective attention, cognitive flexibility) and deficient metacognitive monitoring as potential contributing factors. Findings from our lab suggest that age-related impairments in selective attention contribute to those in context memory accuracy and older adults tended to show dependence in context memory accuracy between relevant and irrelevant context details (i.e., hyper-binding). Using an aging framework, we tested the effects of selective attention on context memory in a sample of 23 adults with ASD and 23 typically developed adults. Participants studied grayscale objects flanked by two types of contexts (color, scene) on opposing sides and were told to attend to only one object-context relationship, ignoring the other context. At test, participants made object and context recognition decisions and judgment of confidence decisions allowing for an evaluation of context memory performance, hyper-binding, and metacognitive performance for context judgments in a single task. Results showed that adults with ASD performed similarly to typically developed adults on all measures. These findings suggest that context memory performance is not always disrupted in adults with ASD, even when demands on selective attention are high. We discuss the need for continued research to evaluate episodic memory in a wider variety of adults with ASD.

scholarly journals Detection of inadequate effort on the California Verbal Learning Test-Second edition: Forced choice recognition and critical item analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 688-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES C. ROOT ◽  
REUBEN N. ROBBINS ◽  
LUKE CHANG ◽  
WILFRED G. VAN GORP
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Critical Item ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Learning Test

The Forced Choice Recognition (FCR) and the Critical Item Analysis (CIA) indices of the California Verbal Learning Test-II (CVLT-II) have been identified by the CVLT-II test developers as potentially useful, brief screening indicators of effort in neuropsychological assessment. This retrospective study analyzes performance on these measures in three groups: (1) clinically referred individuals; (2) forensically referred individuals not suspected of inadequate effort; and (3) forensically referred individuals whose performance on freestanding tests of effort suggested inadequate effort. Performances on FCR were analyzed for their relation to actual memory impairment and with regard to concrete and abstract distractor endorsement. FCR and CIA performances were analyzed for agreement with formal tests of inadequate effort and their test characteristics. Incremental validity was assessed by hierarchical logistic regression with previously identified indices for detection of inadequate effort on the CVLT. Results indicate that (1) FCR and CIA performances are not related to decreased memory performance; (2) FCR and CIA indices exhibit higher specificity and lower sensitivity, with higher positive predictive value than negative predictive value; and (3) FCR and CIA indices exhibit modest incremental validity with previously identified indices. Implications for use of FCR and CIA indices in inadequate effort detection are discussed (JINS, 2006, 12, 688–696.)

Quantitative and qualitative differences in the verbal learning performance of elderly depressives and healthy controls

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. King ◽  
Christopher Cox ◽  
Jeffrey M. Lyness ◽  
Yeates Conwell ◽  
and Eric D. Caine
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Performance ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Learning Functions ◽  
Delayed Recognition ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Unipolar Major Depression

We compared the verbal learning and memory performance of 57 inpatients with unipolar major depression and 30 nondepressed control participants using the California Verbal Learning Test. The effect of age within this elderly sample was also examined, controlling for sex, educational attainment, and estimated level of intelligence. Except for verbal retention, the depressives had deficits in most aspects of performance, including cued and uncued recall and delayed recognition memory. As well, there were interactions between depression effects and age effects on some measures such that depressives' performance declined more rapidly with age than did the performance of controls. The results are discussed in the context of recent contradictory reports about the integrity of learning and memory functions in late-life depression. We conclude that there is consistent evidence, from this and other studies, that elderly depressed inpatients have significant deficits in a range of explicit verbal learning functions. (JINS, 1998, 4, 115–126.)

scholarly journals Atypical development of visual working memory performance in autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Lynn ◽  
Beatriz Luna ◽  
Kirsten O'Hearn
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Visual Feature ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Atypical Development

Visual working memory (VWM) typically improves across childhood and adolescence. Yet, it remains unclear whether such improvement occurs in autism (ASD). We measured color, shape, and pattern VWM performance in children (N=49; Mage=11y; 41 males), adolescents (N=46; Mage=15y; 38 males), and adults (N=51; Mage=24y; 47 males) with and without ASD (91% White, 6% Black or multiracial). By adulthood, color VWM accuracy among 4 items was better in the TD group relative to ASD (p2=.039). In childhood, shape VWM RT among 8 items was faster in the TD group relative to ASD (p2=.063). While VWM capacity was intact in ASD, VWM performance differences between ASD and TD may depend on age and visual feature.

Excellent Word-Reading Ability in the Context of an Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study of a Swedish-Speaking 7-Year-Old Boy

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Åsberg Johnels ◽  
Carmela Miniscalco
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Phonological Processing ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder

This case study seeks to extend our knowledge of the phenotype associated with excellent word reading in autism spectrum disorder by a detailed examination of psycholinguistic, neuropsychological/cognitive, and classroom/academic functioning of a Swedish-speaking 7-year-old boy (called “Jonas”). On age-referenced word reading-decoding assessment, Jonas scored among the top 7%. Reading comprehension status varied as a function of information source. Jonas’s phonological processing and phonological memory performance was found to be normal to strong. In contrast, he scored poorly on tests of oral semantic, syntactical, and narrative language. On the WISC-III, Jonas performed highly uneven across subtests from impaired to above average levels. On the Kaufman factors, Jonas had a peak in perceptual organization (IQ score 119), thus reflecting very strong visual attention skills, which together with normal to strong phonological abilities might underlie his excellent word reading. Finally, both his parents and teacher reported on other classroom-learning skills and difficulties.

Intact selective attention supports context memory in adults with autism spectrum disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidni Justus ◽  
Patrick Powell ◽  
Audrey Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Adults With Asd ◽  
Context Memory

Abstract Research on memory in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) finds increased difficulty encoding contextual associations in episodic memory and suggests executive dysfunction and deficient metacognitive monitoring as potential contributing factors. Using an aging framework, we tested the effects of selective attention on context memory in ASD. We evaluated memory performance, hyper-binding, and metamemory performance in a novel context memory task. Results showed that adults with ASD performed similarly to typically developed adults on all measures. We conclude that context memory performance is not disrupted in adults with ASD, even when demands on selective attention are high, and discuss the need for continued research to evaluate well-known neurotypical aging effects on episodic memory and further investigate the metacognitive profile in ASD.

Assessment of Alcohol-related Memory Deficits: A Comparison between the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test and the California Verbal Learning Test

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie J. Wester ◽  
Renée L. Roelofs ◽  
Jos I.M. Egger ◽  
Roy P.C. Kessels
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Everyday Memory ◽  
Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test ◽  
Learning Test

Objectives: Neuropsychological assessment of memory disorders is an important prerequisite in the treatment of patients with alcohol-related cognitive disorders. Although many memory tests are available in clinical practice, a question remains regarding which test is most appropriate for this purpose. Our study's goal was to evaluate the discriminative power of indices of a standard memory test (the California Verbal Learning Test; CVLT) versus the subtests of an ecologically valid everyday memory test (the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test; RBMT) in patients with alcohol-use disorder.Method: The patients included 136 with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS), 73 alcoholics with cognitive impairment (CI) not fulfilling the criteria for KS, and 24 cognitively unimpaired alcoholics (ALC).Results: KS patients performed significantly lower on all RBMT and CVLT variables than CI patients. ALC patients performed significantly better than CI patients on only one RBMT subtest, and had a significantly lower rate of forgetting and higher scores on free recall on CVLT. A combination of RBMT subtests and CVLT indices was able to discriminate KS patients from CI and ALC patients. The RBMT subtests could not significantly distinguish ALC from CI patients. Both rate of forgetting and a comparison between free and cued recall testing on the CVLT showed the largest between-group differences.Conclusion: Although the RBMT provides information about everyday memory performance, the CVLT indices are better able to distinguish between uncomplicated alcoholics and those with cognitive impairment or KS.

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