scholarly journals Electrophysiological Evidence of Atypical Spatial Attention in Those with a High Level of Self-reported Autistic Traits

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2199-2210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Dunn ◽  
Megan Freeth ◽  
Elizabeth Milne
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
High Level

Association between autistic traits and home nurture environment: A community-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Qian ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Ying-Quan Wang ◽  
Jia-vu Li ◽  
Rui-xia Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Public Health Programs ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Environmental Factors

Abstract Background: Increasing attention has been directed toward understanding the ways in which social environmental factors influence children’s behavior, in physical and mental health domains. Autistic traits are continuously distributed in general population and children with autistic traits have great risk of additional mental diseases. However, no literature has demonstrated the relation between autistic traits and home nurture environment.Methods: Caregivers of 408 kindergarten children (68% male) were recruited to complete a series of survey measures in China. The measures used were the Clancy Autistic Behavior Scale and the Home Nurture Environment Scale. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations.Results: Frequent language/cognition stimulation (aOR 0.520, 95%CI 0.302-0.896), high level of parental warmth (aOR 0.596, 95%CI 0.392-0.905) and high quality of physical living environment (aOR 0.332, 95%CI 0.196-0.561) were the protective factors of autistic traits after controlling the confounding factors. Results were generally not moderated by the child’s gender or birth order.Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of high levels of home nurture environment for autistic traits and indicate that public health programs should focus on guidance of parents for developing more adequate parenting skills and favorable home nurture environment.

scholarly journals Electrophysiological evidence of shifts in spatial attention corresponding to a synaesthetes mental calendar

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
M. Jarick ◽  
C. Hawco ◽  
T. Ferretti ◽  
M. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence

scholarly journals Individual differences in high-level biological motion tasks correlate with autistic traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 136-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen J.A. van Boxtel ◽  
Yujia Peng ◽  
Junzhu Su ◽  
Hongjing Lu
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Biological Motion ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
High Level

scholarly journals Integration of gaze direction and facial expression in individuals with a high level of autistic traits

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Marotta ◽  
Belén Aranda-Martín ◽  
Marco De Cono ◽  
María Ángeles Ballesteros Duperón ◽  
Maria Casagrande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Autism Spectrum Quotient ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
Communicative Signals

We investigated whether individuals with high levels of autistic traits integrate relevant communicative signals, such as facial expression, when decoding eye-gaze direction. Students with high vs. low scores on the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) performed a task in which they responded to the eyes’ direction of faces, presented on the left or the right side of the screen, portraying different emotional expressions. In both groups, the identification of gaze direction was faster when the eyes were directed towards the center of the scene. However, only in the low AQ group, this effect was larger for happy faces than for neutral faces or faces showing other emotional expressions. High AQ participants were not affected by emotional expressions. These results suggested that individuals with more autistic traits may do not integrate multiple communicative signals based on their emotional value.

scholarly journals Children’s autistic traits and peer relationships: do non-verbal IQ and externalizing problems play a role?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novika Purnama Sari ◽  
Maartje P. C. M. Luijk ◽  
Peter Prinzie ◽  
Marinus H. van IJzendoorn ◽  
Pauline W. Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Externalizing Problems ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
Peer Rejection ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Social Responsiveness ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background Children with autism have difficulties in understanding relationships, yet little is known about the levels of autistic traits with regard to peer relationships. This study examined the association between autistic traits and peer relationships. Additionally, we examined whether the expected negative association is more pronounced in children with a lower non-verbal IQ and in those who exhibit more externalizing problems. Method Data were collected in a large prospective birth cohort of the Generation R Study (Rotterdam, the Netherlands) for which nearly 10,000 pregnant mothers were recruited between 2002 and 2006. Follow up data collection is still currently ongoing. Information on peer relationships was collected with PEERS application, an interactive computerized task (M = 7.8 years). Autistic traits were assessed among general primary school children by using the Social Responsiveness Scale (M = 6.1 years). Information was available for 1580 children. Result Higher levels of autistic traits predicted lower peer acceptance and higher peer rejection. The interaction of autistic traits with externalizing problems (but not with non-verbal IQ or sex) was significant: only among children with low externalizing problems, a higher level of autistic traits predicted less peer acceptance and more peer rejection. Among children exhibiting high externalizing problems, a poor peer acceptance and high level of rejection is seen independently of the level of autistic traits. Conclusion We conclude that autistic traits—including traits that do not classify as severe enough for a clinical diagnosis—as well as externalizing problems negatively impact young children’s peer relationships. This suggests that children with these traits may benefit from careful monitoring and interventions focused at improving peer relationships.

scholarly journals FASSD: A Feature Fusion and Spatial Attention-Based Single Shot Detector for Small Object Detection

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1536
Author(s):  
Deng Jiang ◽  
Bei Sun ◽  
Shaojing Su ◽  
Zhen Zuo ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Small Object ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Feature Representations ◽  
Small Object Detection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Detection Speed

Deep learning methods have significantly improved object detection performance, but small object detection remains an extremely difficult and challenging task in computer vision. We propose a feature fusion and spatial attention-based single shot detector (FASSD) for small object detection. We fuse high-level semantic information into shallow layers to generate discriminative feature representations for small objects. To adaptively enhance the expression of small object areas and suppress the feature response of background regions, the spatial attention block learns a self-attention mask to enhance the original feature maps. We also establish a small object dataset (LAKE-BOAT) of a scene with a boat on a lake and tested our algorithm to evaluate its performance. The results show that our FASSD achieves 79.3% mAP (mean average precision) on the PASCAL VOC2007 test with input 300 × 300, which outperforms the original single shot multibox detector (SSD) by 1.6 points, as well as most improved algorithms based on SSD. The corresponding detection speed was 45.3 FPS (frame per second) on the VOC2007 test using a single NVIDIA TITAN RTX GPU. The test results of a simplified FASSD on the LAKE-BOAT dataset indicate that our model achieved an improvement of 3.5% mAP on the baseline network while maintaining a real-time detection speed (64.4 FPS).

scholarly journals Context sensitivity in action decreases along the autism spectrum: a predictive processing perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1802) ◽  
pp. 20141557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin J. Palmer ◽  
Bryan Paton ◽  
Melissa Kirkovski ◽  
Peter G. Enticott ◽  
Jakob Hohwy
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Information ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Predictive Processing ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
Minimum Jerk ◽  
Action Point ◽  
High Level

Recent predictive processing accounts of perception and action point towards a key challenge for the nervous system in dynamically optimizing the balance between incoming sensory information and existing expectations regarding the state of the environment. Here, we report differences in the influence of the preceding sensory context on motor function, varying with respect to both clinical and subclinical features of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Reach-to-grasp movements were recorded subsequent to an inactive period in which illusory ownership of a prosthetic limb was induced. We analysed the sub-components of reach trajectories derived using a minimum-jerk fitting procedure. Non-clinical adults low in autistic features showed disrupted movement execution following the illusion compared to a control condition. By contrast, individuals higher in autistic features (both those with ASD and non-clinical individuals high in autistic traits) showed reduced sensitivity to the presence of the illusion in their reaching movements while still exhibiting the typical perceptual effects of the illusion. Clinical individuals were distinct from non-clinical individuals scoring high in autistic features, however, in the early stages of movement. These results suggest that the influence of high-level representations of the environment differs between individuals, contributing to clinical and subclinical differences in motor performance that manifest in a contextual manner. As high-level representations of context help to explain fluctuations in sensory input over relatively longer time scales, more circumscribed sensitivity to prior or contextual information in autistic sensory processing could contribute more generally to reduced social comprehension, sensory impairments and a stronger desire for predictability and routine.

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