scholarly journals Identification of suitable Botryococcus braunii strains for non-destructive in situ hydrocarbon extraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kleinert ◽  
Carola Griehl
Keyword(s):  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Cell Disruption ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
Common Process ◽  
The Common ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Extracellular Location ◽  
Hydrocarbon Extraction

AbstractThe process of milking microalgae is a promising approach to reduce the downstream costs for the production of valuable substances from microalgae by avoiding the steps of harvest, dewatering, and cell disruption of the common process chain (cultivation, harvesting, dewatering, cell disruption, extraction, purification). The green microalga Botryococcus braunii is particularly suited for this process due to its ability to produce large amounts of long-chain hydrocarbons accumulating in an extracellular matrix. The extracellular location of hydrocarbons is an enormous advantage in comparison with other microalgae that accumulate lipids in intracellular lipid bodies. At present, only a few B. braunii strains (UTEX 572, CCAP 807/2, SAG 807/1, FACHB 357, Bot22, and SCCAP 1761) have been examined for the process of long-term repetitive milking. In order to identify promising candidates for the milking process, twelve different B. braunii strains (SAG 30.81, SAG 807/1, UTEX 572, UTEX 2441, CCAP 807/2, ACOI 58, ACOI 1257, SCCAP K-1489, var. Showa, Bot22, SCCAP K-1761, and CCALA 779) were investigated in terms of growth, lipid accumulation, nutrient uptake, solvent compatibility, and extracellular hydrocarbon extractability. Based on these results, a ranking was defined in view of eligibility for non-destructive hydrocarbon extraction. Results indicate a particular potential for hydrocarbon milking for two of those twelve B. braunii strains. The strain Showa (71 out of 75 ranking points), which has not yet been examined for long-term repetitive milking, and the strain Bot22 (64 out of 75 ranking points) seem to be the most suitable strains for the milking process. They both possess good extractant compatibility including hydrocarbon extractability as well as high biomass and lipid productivity.

scholarly journals In situ extraction (milking) of the two promising Botryococcus braunii strains Showa and Bot22 under optimized extraction time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Kleinert ◽  
Carola Griehl
Keyword(s):  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
In Situ Extraction ◽  
Boundary Area ◽  
Green Microalga ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hydrocarbon Productivity

AbstractIn situ extraction or “milking” of microalgae is a promising approach to reduce downstream costs in order to produce low-value substances such as lipids from microalgae in an economical way. Due to its ability to secrete high amounts of long-chain hydrocarbons to an extracellular matrix, the green microalga Botryococcus braunii is suitable for the process of in situ extraction as the cost intensive steps of harvesting, dewatering, and cell disruption could be omitted. Based on a previous study investigating various B. braunii strains in terms of growth, lipid accumulation, and solvent compatibility, the B. braunii strains Showa and Bot22 (both B race) were identified as potential candidates for the process of in situ extraction. In order to prove the suitability of these two strains for the process of in situ extraction, this study first determined the optimal extraction time using short-term in situ extraction over 7 days at different starting biomass concentrations of 1.5 and 2.5 g L−1. Furthermore, both strains were treated applying the optimal extraction time in long-term in situ extractions for 30 days to confirm the results from the short-term extractions. The results indicate a strain-dependent optimal extraction time of 300 min day−1 for strain Showa and 200 min day−1 for strain Bot22. During long-term in situ extraction for 30 days, hydrocarbon productivity was 16.99 mg L−1 day−1 (10.53 mg gDW−1 day−1) for strain Showa and 14.53 mg L−1 day−1 (10.48 mg gDW−1 day−1) for strain Bot22. Furthermore, a direct correlation between hydrocarbon productivity achieved by in situ extraction and the hydrocarbon concentration in the biomass of the respective strain could be established. It could be shown that the consideration of the effective extraction time and the phase boundary area is required to calculate an extraction system independent value for the comparison of different extraction setups.

Design of a continuous milking bioreactor for non-destructive hydrocarbon extraction from Botryococcus braunii

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1833-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Griehl ◽  
Christian Kleinert ◽  
Christoph Griehl ◽  
Simone Bieler
Keyword(s):  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Hydrocarbon Extraction

Non-destructive hydrocarbon extraction from Botryococcus braunii BOT-22 (race B)

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 1453-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid R. Moheimani ◽  
Hiroshi Matsuura ◽  
Makoto M. Watanabe ◽  
Michael A. Borowitzka
Keyword(s):  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Hydrocarbon Extraction

scholarly journals Fabricating Na/In/C Composite Anode with Natrophilic Na–In Alloy Enables Superior Na Ion Deposition in the EC/PC Electrolyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Ye Wang ◽  
Tingting Xu ◽  
Dezhi Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Sodium Metal ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
The Common ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Ion Deposition

AbstractIn conventional ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC) electrolyte, sodium metal reacts spontaneously and deleteriously with solvent molecules. This significantly limits the practical feasibility of high-voltage sodium metal batteries based on Na metal chemistry. Herein, we present a sodium metal alloy strategy via introducing NaIn and Na2In phases in a Na/In/C composite, aiming at boosting Na ion deposition stability in the common EC/PC electrolyte. Symmetric cells with Na/In/C electrodes achieve an impressive long-term cycling capability at 1 mA cm−2 (> 870 h) and 5 mA cm−2 (> 560 h), respectively, with a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. In situ optical microscopy clearly unravels a stable Na ion dynamic deposition process on the Na/In/C composite electrode surface, attributing to a dendrite-free and smooth morphology. Furthermore, theoretical simulations reveal intrinsic mechanism for the reversible Na ion deposition behavior with the composite Na/In/C electrode. Upon pairing with a high-voltage NaVPOF cathode, Na/In/C anode illustrates a better suitability in SMBs. This work promises an alternative alloying strategy for enhancing Na metal interfacial stability in the common EC/PC electrolyte for their future applications.

scholarly journals RISE microscopy for evaluation of compounded disinfection products

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Олег Татарчук ◽  
Oleg Tatarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Pharmaceutical Samples ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
In Situ Generation ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Term Storage

Multicomponent powdered disinfection products with in situ generation of biocidal substances are stable in long-term storage and therefore well suited for emergency preparedness stockpiling to use in outbreaks of infectious diseases. Certain structural and chemical characteristics of the powdered biocidal mixtures might alter their efficacy, safety, or handling properties. The RISE microscopy is a new non-destructive method for comprehensive evaluation of pharmaceutical samples by combining confocal Raman imaging with scanning electron microscopy. The RISE microscopy can be used for evaluation of compounded disinfection products.

Generator Retaining Rings: In Situ Inspection and Life Assessment

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Willem Noteboom
Keyword(s):  
Life Assessment ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Retaining Ring ◽  
The Common ◽  
Non Destructive

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in retaining rings of generators has been a major issue since large generator manufactures started to advise generator owners to replace and inspect retaining rings made from certain materials in the mid 1990’s. KEMA has been inspecting generator retaining rings with automated systems from the seventies on. Since 1995 new developments led to the possibility of also testing rings in situ, eliminating the need of removing the rotor from the stator and thus saving considerable down-time. Over the years, step by step improvements to the system and its application to generator retaining ring inspections have been implemented, one of which is the use of smaller probes and manipulators. Another improvement is the implementation of eddy current testing (ECT) to increase the detection capability for cracking at the outside surface in parallel to the automated ultrasonic testing (AUT). Experience obtained with this method contradicts some of the common ideas about reliability of other Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods, in particular the application of Dye Penetrant inspection (DPI) which appears to be less reliable. By performing fracture mechanics calculations to evaluate detected and sized flaw indications, predictions of remaining life of the rings can be made (Fitness-for-Purpose analysis). This paper presents results of applying the in situ retaining ring inspection system in the last 14 years and gives an overview of cases — some of those from recent inspections — where defect indications were detected, sized and evaluated. In some cases this resulted in recommendations to replace the retaining rings.

Continuous non-destructive hydrocarbon extraction from Botryococcus braunii BOT-22

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 101537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preeti Mehta ◽  
Brent A. Jackson ◽  
Emeka G. Nwoba ◽  
Ashiwin Vadiveloo ◽  
Parisa A. Bahri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Hydrocarbon Extraction

Sequestration and retention of uranium(VI) in the presence of hydroxylapatite under dynamic geochemical conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Wellman ◽  
Julia N. Glovack ◽  
Kent Parker ◽  
Emily L. Richards ◽  
Eric M. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Geochemical Conditions ◽  
Term Retention ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Long Term Retention ◽  
Complexation Reactions

Environmental context. Contamination of surface and subsurface geologic media by heavy metals and radionuclides is a significant problem within the United State Department of Energy complex as a result of past nuclear operations. Numerous phosphate-based remediation strategies have been proposed to introduce hydroxylapatite directly or indirectly (i.e. through in situ precipitation) into subsurface regimes to act as an efficient sorbent for sequestration of metals and radionuclides such as uranium. Results presented here illustrate the importance of variable geochemical conditions on the mechanism of sequestration and long-term retention of uranium in the presence of hydroxylapatite. Abstract. Numerous solid- and aqueous-phase phosphate-based technologies for remediating heavy metals and radionuclides have the common premise of sequestration by hydroxylapatite. Complexation reactions and hydrolysis generally preclude actinides from incorporation into intracrystalline sites; rather, surface sorption and precipitation are significant mechanisms for the sequestration of actinides. The effect of pH, aqueous speciation, and the availability of reactive surface sites on minerals such as hydroxylapatite have a significant impact on the mechanism and degree of sequestration and retention of variably charged contaminants such as uranium. Yet, little attention has been given to the sequestration and retention of uranium by hydroxylapatite under dynamic geochemical conditions that may be encountered during remediation activities. We present the results of an investigation evaluating the removal of uranium by hydroxylapatite in systems near equilibrium with respect to hydroxylapatite, and the effect of dynamic aqueous geochemical conditions, such as those encountered during and subsequent to remediation activities, on the retention of uranium. Results presented here support previous investigations demonstrating the efficiency of hydroxylapatite for sequestration of uranium and illustrate the importance of geochemical conditions, including changes to surface properties and aqueous speciation, on the sequestration and retention of uranium.

The Medieval Town of Óbidos (Portugal): Restoration, Reutilisation and Tourism Challenges from 1934 to the Present Day

Heritage ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 2876-2902
Author(s):  
Clara Moura Soares ◽  
Maria João Neto
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Observation ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historic Centre ◽  
The Common ◽  
Artistic Heritage ◽  
The Town

Heritage conservation and cultural tourism are central features of academic debates, as this relationship has not been always peaceful. This paper seeks to evaluate the correlation between the extensive conservation and restoration of the wall and castle of the medieval town of Óbidos (1930–1950) and the tourism-oriented projects developed since this period. Due to the criticism of several previous studies, one of the primary aims of this research was to assess whether this Portuguese town constitutes a good example of medieval reconstitution, or if it is a fanciful twentieth-century intervention. Another main goal was to establish our position regarding the challenges inherent to the management of this historic centre, especially those concerning current tourism challenges and the preservation of and regard for historical buildings and monuments. By means of a long-term study based on the common history of art methodology (cross-analysis of bibliography, archival research, in situ observation of the heritage and attendance of festivals and events), we were able to make the following contributions to advance the debate: although the earlier interventions in Óbidos abided by strict criteria which merited international praise, the management model of the town as a tourist destination over the last two decades calls for a revaluation, placing greater importance on history, historic and artistic heritage and the identity of the location.

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