Representation of Electrical Conductances for Polyvalent Electrolytes by the Quint-Viallard Conductivity Equation. Universal Curves of Limiting Conductances and Walden Products of Electrolytes in Mixed Solvents. Part 5. Symmetrical 2:2, 3:3 and Unsymmetrical 1:2, 2:1 and 1:3 Type Electrolytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1544-1562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Apelblat
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Conductivity Equation ◽  
Electrical Conductances ◽  
Walden Products ◽  
Limiting Conductances

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Studies on Ion Association of Lithium Chloride and Lithium Nitrate in Acetonitrile + Water Mixed Solvents at Different Temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Lalrosanga ◽  
N. Mohondas Singh
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Chloride ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Ion Association ◽  
Molar Conductance ◽  
Lithium Nitrate ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Limiting Molar Conductance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Walden Products

The present study reports the ion association of lithium chloride (LiCl) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3) electrolytes in acetonitrile + water (AN+W) mixtures at 283.15 K to 311.15 K. Their limiting molar conductance (Λo), the association constant values (KA) for their different mole fractions, i.e. 0.0000, 0.0588, 0.1233, 0.1942, 0.2727, 0.3600, 0.4576, 0.5676, 0.6923, 0.8351 and 1.0000 have been evaluated using Shedlovsky technique. The KA and Walden products (Λoηo) for LiCl and LiNO3 salts have been calculated in the acetonitrile-water solvent at experimental temperatures. The calculated values qualitatively examined the possible nature of the solvent-solvent, their ion-ion, and ion-solvent and interactions of the two selected compounds mixed solvents of (acetonitrile + water). Then dependence of KA temperature has also been investigated to obtain the thermodynamic functions of different parameters, such as ΔGº, ΔSº, ΔHº and Ea, as a function of the mixed composition of the composition solvents AN+W (acetonitrile + water).

Article

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-410
Author(s):  
Yixing Zhao ◽  
Gordon R Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Mixed Solvents ◽  
Molar Conductivity ◽  
Solvated Electron ◽  
Pure Ethanol ◽  
Electrical Conductances ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ion Radius ◽  
Pure Methanol

As a foundation for a future measurement of solvated electron mobilities in alcohol-water mixed solvents, the electrical conductances of sodium tetraphenylboride (STPB) in methanol-water, ethanol-water, and 2-propanol-water were measured at different temperatures. The molar conductivity LAMBDA 0 (10-4 S m2 mol-1) of STPB at 298 K is 70 in pure water and 82 in pure methanol; in methanol-water mixed solvents it passes through a minimum, the value being 45 at 70 mol% water. In 2-propanol-water LAMBDA 0 (10-4 S m2 mol-1) at 298 K decreases rapidly from 70 in pure water to 22.6 in 80 mol% water, then gradually to 16.5 in pure 2-propanol. Behavior in ethanol-water is intermediate, with a minimum of 29.5 in 70 mol% water, gradually increasing to 35.5 in pure ethanol. The product of LAMBDA 0 and the solvent viscosity eta has a maximum at about 75 mol% water in methanol, 90 mol% water in ethanol, and 95 mol% water in 2-propanol. The effects are attributed to changes of solvent structure and of solvated ion radius as alcohol is added to water.Key words: alcohol-water mixed solvents, electrical conductivity, large ions, solvent effects, activation energy.

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