Influence of Nitrate Species ANO3 and ANO3·nH2O on Physico-Mechanical Properties of the Aluminosilicate Adhesives for Wood and Wooden Structures

The article presents the results of studies of the effect of lithium, sodium, potassium and ammonium nitrates on the physical and mechanical properties of aluminosilicate adhesives intended for gluing wood and structures based on them. Nitrates were introduced into the aluminosilicate adhesive of composition Na2O·Al2O3·6SiO2·20H2O in amounts of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt. %. Changes in the shear strength along the fibers of substrates made of pine, beech, and oak wood were studied after 7 and 28 days of hardening of aluminosilicate adhesives in vivo. It is shown that for gluing pine wood it is most expedient to use adhesives containing lithium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate is within 1.5 wt. %, the shearing strength along the fibers after 28 days of hardening is 1.7-1.8 times higher than the strength of the adhesive without additives. For gluing beech wood, it is most advisable to use adhesives containing potassium and ammonium nitrate in an amount of 1.5 wt. %, the shearing strength along the fibers after 28 days of hardening is 1.5 times lower than the strength of the adhesive without additives. For gluing oak wood, it is most advisable to use adhesives containing lithium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium nitrate in amounts of 0.5 and 1.5 wt. %, the shear strength along the fibers increases by 1.3-1.5 times for 7 and 28 days of hardening compared to the strength of the adhesive without additives. According to the degree of influence on strength, modifying additives can be ranked in the series LiNO3×3H2O>KNO3>NH4NO3>NaNO3.

Study on Roasting for Selective Lithium Leaching of Cathode Active Materials from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries

Recently, many studies have been conducted on the materialization of spent batteries. In conventional cases, lithium is recovered from an acidic solution through the leaching and separation of valuable metals; however, it is difficult to remove impurities because lithium is recovered in the last step. Cathode active materials of lithium-ion batteries comprise oxides with lithium, such as LiNixCoyMnzO2 and LiCoO2. Thus, lithium should be converted into a compound that can be leached in deionized water for selective lithium leaching. Recent studies on the leaching and recovery of Li2CO3 through a carbon reduction reaction show low economic efficiency, due to the solubility of Li2CO3 at room temperature being as low as 13 g/L. This paper proposes a method of roasting after nitric acid deposition for selective lithium leaching and recovery to LiNO3. Based on experiments involving the varying of the amount of nitric acid, roasting temperature, and solid–liquid ratio, optimal values were found to be dipping in 10 M HNO3 2 mL/g, roasting at 275 °C, and deionized water with a solid–liquid ratio of 10 mL/g, respectively. Over 80% Li leaching was possible under these conditions. IC analysis confirmed that the purity was 97% lithium nitrate.