The role of firm and national level factors in fostering R&D cooperation: a cross country comparison

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Franco ◽  
Manuela Gussoni
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Cross Country

scholarly journals Biogas Upgrading: A Review of National Biomethane Strategies and Support Policies in Selected Countries

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schmid ◽  
Horschig ◽  
Pfeiffer ◽  
Szarka ◽  
Thrän
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Framework Conditions

Bioenergy contributes significantly towards the share of renewable energies, in Europe and worldwide. Besides solid and liquid biofuels, gaseous biofuels, such as biogas or upgraded biogas (biomethane), are an established renewable fuel in Europe. Although many studies consider biomethane technologies, feedstock potentials, or sustainability issues, the literature on the required legislative framework for market introduction is limited. Therefore, this research aims at identifying the market and legislative framework conditions in the three leading biomethane markets in Europe and compare them to the framework conditions of the top six non-European biomethane markets. This study shows the global status and national differences in promoting this renewable energy carrier. For the cross-country comparison, a systematic and iterative literature review is conducted. The results show the top three European biomethane markets (Germany, United Kingdom, Sweden) and the six non-European biomethane markets (Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States of America), pursuing different promotion approaches and framework conditions. Noteworthy cross-national findings are the role of state-level incentives, the tendency to utilise biomethane as vehicular fuel and the focus on residues and waste as feedstock for biomethane production. Presenting a cross-country comparison, this study supports cross-country learning for the promotion of renewable energies like biomethane and gives a pertinent overview of the work.

scholarly journals The Differential Impact of the COVID-19 Crisis on Small-Scale Development Initiatives, a Cross-Country Comparison

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Kinsbergen ◽  
Marieke Pijnenburg ◽  
Tom Merlevede ◽  
Luca Naus ◽  
Dirk-Jan Koch
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Country Study ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Development Initiatives ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic presents Northern-based development organisations with unprecedented difficulties. They are challenged in fundraising opportunities in their home countries and in finding ways to continue their work in the Global South. As the first study to present a systematic mixed method, cross-country study of small-scale, voluntary development organisations in four different European countries, this study provides insight into the role of these private development initiatives (PDIs) in the COVID-19 crisis and sheds light on the differential impact of the crisis on these organisations. Whereas most PDIs are involved in long(er)-term development interventions, the COVID-19 crisis was for most organisations their first experience of emergency aid. Overall, we see strong resilience among PDIs and also find that the organisations which relied more exclusively on traditional methods of fundraising (offline) received a greater funding hit than organisations—often with more younger members—that had already moved to online fundraising.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Role of Institutions and Technologies in Economic Growth of the Late USSR in a Cross-Country Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
D. V. Didenko ◽  
N. V. Grineva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Negative Contribution ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Cross Country

The article presents the results of a study aimed at defining the role of institutional and technological dynamics in the economic growth of the late USSR in comparison with reference countries. We propose a modification of the production function, similar to the exogenous growth model by Mankiw, Romer, Weil (1992) with physical and human capital, by augmenting it with variables for institutional and general technological components. We present our new estimates of the effects of an increase in physical and human capital in the late Soviet economy. Also, we obtain statistical assessments of the negative contribution of the decrease in the technological level of the industrial economy of the USSR. We partially confirm the hypothesis about the deterioration of the institutional environment in the USSR. But its negative contribution was not more decisive and more significant than in other countries. Thus, the idea of the doom of the Soviet economy, due to the substantial flaws of its institutions, was not confirmed. Finally, we discuss the prospective lines of further exploration into the issues under study.

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