The PbO/MoO3 system with 47%: 53%, 53%: 47%, and 50%: 50% molar ratios at various processing temperatures has been studied with x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential thermal analysis (DTA) methods. It is found that in addition to the crystallization of primary PbMoO4 phase, subphases such as Pb2MoO5 and PbMo2O7 are also formed. The remaining PbO and MoO3 are detected at certain stages of the thermal process due to localized powder inhomogeneity. Physical processes, such as sublimation, eutectic melting, solid to liquid, and liquid to vapor transformations are also investigated. In particular, evaporations of excessive PbO or MoO3 in the nonstoichiometric PbO/MoO3 can be correlated to thermal processing parameters. The current study has led to the following three processing guidelines to obtain stoichiometric PbMoO4: (i) for high temperature application, such as the Czochralski melt growth, it is suggested an excessive MoO3 (a few mol %) must be included and a slow heating rate should be employed; (ii) for low temperature synthesis, the stoichiometric PbO–MoO3 can be used, but with a fast heating rate; and (iii) PbO-rich PbO/MoO3 system is not recommended in PbMoO4 synthesis.
Identification of ageing biomarkers in human dermis biopsies by thermal analysis (DSC) combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR/ATR)
