Integrated Approaches to Improve Birth Outcomes: Perinatal Periods of Risk, Infant Mortality Review, and the Los Angeles Mommy and Baby Project

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin Margaret Chao ◽  
Giannina Donatoni ◽  
Cathleen Bemis ◽  
Kevin Donovan ◽  
Cynthia Harding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Los Angeles ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Mortality Review ◽  
Perinatal Periods Of Risk ◽  
Integrated Approaches

NEEDED: Grassroots Leaders to Lead Systems Change Efforts that Reduce Infant Mortality

2020 ◽  
pp. 016059762096974
Author(s):  
Nathan Marquam ◽  
Ashley Irby ◽  
Nancy Swigonski ◽  
Kara Casavan ◽  
Jack Turman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Grassroots Movements ◽  
Reduce Infant Mortality ◽  
Reduction Strategies

The death of an infant devastates a mother, family and community. The United States has one of the highest infant mortality rates among the world’s high income nations. Infant mortality is a key indicator of a population’s health and societal well-being, yet interventions aimed at improving societal well-being are rarely a priority when devising infant mortality reduction strategies. Historically, grassroots movements have been critical in advancing social change to improve women’s health and empowerment in marginalized communities. Understanding strategic and infrastructure elements of these grassroots movements is a critical first step to efficiently growing USA grassroots movements to address social systems associated with poor birth outcomes. We provide an analysis of the diverse array of grassroots structures and strategies utilized to improve maternal and child health outcomes. It is time for grassroots movements to form and be recognized as vital players in efforts to sustainably reduce infant mortality in the United States. It is essential to foster grassroots leaders and movements that improve long standing social structures that contribute to poor birth outcomes. The personal and community knowledge of these leaders and community members are desperately needed to save women and infants in our nation.

scholarly journals Joint contribution of socioeconomic circumstances and ethnic group to variations in preterm birth, neonatal mortality and infant mortality in England and Wales: a population-based retrospective cohort study using routine data from 2006 to 2012

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e028227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Opondo ◽  
Ron Gray ◽  
Jennifer Hollowell ◽  
Yangmei Li ◽  
Jennifer J Kurinczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Deprived Areas

ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe the variation in risks of adverse birth outcomes across ethnic groups and socioeconomic circumstances, and to explore the evidence of mediation by socioeconomic circumstances of the effect of ethnicity on birth outcomes.SettingEngland and Wales.ParticipantsThe data came from the 4.6 million singleton live births between 2006 and 2012.ExposureThe main exposure was ethnic group. Socioeconomic circumstances, the hypothesised mediator, were measured using the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), an area-level measure of deprivation, based on the mother’s place of residence.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were birth outcomes, namely: neonatal death, infant death and preterm birth. We estimated the slope and relative indices of inequality to describe differences in birth outcomes across IMD, and the proportion of the variance in birth outcomes across ethnic groups attributable to IMD. We investigated mediation by IMD on birth outcomes across ethnic groups using structural equation modelling.ResultsNeonatal mortality, infant mortality and preterm birth risks were 2.1 per 1000, 3.2 per 1000 and 5.6%, respectively. Babies in the most deprived areas had 47%–129% greater risk of adverse birth outcomes than those in the least deprived areas. Minority ethnic babies had 48%–138% greater risk of adverse birth outcomes compared with white British babies. Up to a third of the variance in birth outcomes across ethnic groups was attributable to differences in IMD, and there was strong statistical evidence of an indirect effect through IMD in the effect of ethnicity on birth outcomes.ConclusionThere is evidence that socioeconomic circumstances could be contributing to the differences in birth outcomes across ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Beyond birth outcomes: Interpregnancy interval and injury‐related infant mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie E. Thoma ◽  
Lauren M. Rossen ◽  
Dane A. De Silva ◽  
Margaret Warner ◽  
Alan E. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Interpregnancy Interval

Spatial social polarization and birth outcomes: preterm birth and infant mortality – New York City, 2010–14

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Huynh ◽  
J. Spasojevic ◽  
W. Li ◽  
G. Maduro ◽  
G. Van Wye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
York City ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Neighborhood Poverty ◽  
Social Polarization ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Aims: This study assessed the relationship between spatial social polarization measured by the index of the concentration of the extremes (ICE) and preterm birth (PTB) and infant mortality (IM) in New York City. A secondary aim was to examine the ICE measure in comparison to neighborhood poverty. Methods: The sample included singleton births to adult women in New York City, 2010–2014 ( n=532,806). Three ICE measures were employed at the census tract level: ICE − Income (persons in households in the bottom vs top 20th percentile of US annual household income), ICE −Race/Ethnicity (black non-Hispanic vs white non-Hispanic populations), and ICE – Income + Race/Ethnicity combined. Preterm birth was defined as birth before 37 weeks’ gestation. Infant mortality was defined as a death before one year of age. A two-level generalized linear model with random intercept was utilized adjusting for individual-level covariates. Results: Preterm birth prevalence was 7.1% and infant mortality rate was 3.4 per 1000 live births. Women who lived in areas with the least privilege were more likely to have a preterm birth or infant mortality as compared to women living in areas with the most privilege. After adjusting for covariates, this association remained for preterm birth (ICE – Income: Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) 1.16 (1.10–1.21); ICE – Race/Ethnicity: AOR 1.41 (1.34–1.49); ICE – Income + Race/Ethnicity: AOR 1.36 (1.29–1.43)) and IM (ICE – Race/Ethnicity (AOR 1.80 (1.43–2.28) and ICE – Income + Race/Ethnicity (AOR 1.54 (1.23–1.94)). High neighborhood poverty was associated with PTB only (AOR 1.09 (1.04–1.14). Conclusions: These results provide preliminary evidence for the use of the ICE measure in examining structural barriers to healthy birth outcomes.

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