The most challenging goals in the field of chemico- and bioanalytical measurements are described. Solutions of these problems are presented, which are being solved in particular by participating in new international comparisons organized by the Cosultative Committee on the Amount of Substance of the International Committee on Weights and Measures (CCQM CIPM). The purposes and tasks of developing key comparisons in the following areas are described: isotopic measurements; determination of the purity of substances; organic analysis; bioanalytical measurements; measurements of aerosol particle parameters; measurements in the field of gas analysis and electrochemistry. It is shown that participation in international key comparisons makes it possible to obtain valid and reliable results of measurements of the composition and properties of gas and liquid media, as well as solid substances and materials.