Electrodynamic approach for description of mass transfer phenomena

Based on the equations of macroscopic electrodynamics, the article considers the most important consequences from the point of view of practical application for condensed matter. It has been theoretically shown that a virtual molecular filter with a fairly high degree of selectivity can be used for them. The theoretical substantiation of mass transfer processes in condensed systems is presented for cases of external influence on them when solving problems of technological change of macroscopic properties of a molecular system. Monitoring problems are indicated when moving the minimum amount of substance in the case of mass transfer for processes: diffusion, adsorption, capillary filtration. The functioning of the filter is based on the theory of macroscopic electrodynamics, namely, on how the space charge density is distributed in the sample under study. The results obtained make it possible to evaluate the physicochemical changes that occur in a condensed medium under external technological influence. The presented theoretical research results can serve as the basis for improving the methods of electrometric monitoring of gaseous and liquid media of unknown qualitative and quantitative composition.

In Vivo Activity Of Medications In Different Dosage And Ultrahigh Dilutions

Biological activity of medical remedies varies depending on the dosage of the medicinal substance. As we analyze the results of the medicinal effect we can determine three areas of its effect. First of all, this is a therapeutic area where its dose-dependent medical effect is demonstrated. When a certain amount of drug in the body it exceeded this causes transition to the toxic area where every medicine causes certain pathological manifestations. Significant decrease of the drug dose demonstrates the area of no effect on the body. At the same time similar body reaction can be observed with homeopathic remedies in ultrahigh dilutions. Classical definition of a dose as an amount of substance introduced into the body is not suitable for homeopathic remedies that often don’t have drug substance molecules at all. The presence of areas of different reaction is explained by the effect of electromagnetic wave emissions of drug substances. It is known that molecules of all medicinal substances have certain frequencies that come into resonance with different body structures, including genes that have similar oscillatory characteristics. This causes expression of certain genes and increase of their activities. Increase of an allopathic substance dose causes voltage increase it its wave and consequently an increase of the effect on the genes. However overdose causes hyperstimulation and exhaustion of the gene under expression and consequently pathological symptoms develop. On the other hand a dose too small cannot stimulate gene activity and this causes a lack of medical effect. As demonstrated by long-term studies, the activity of potentiated remedies (in ultrahigh dilutions) is related to development of coherence. Coherence is a phasic shift of the medicinal wave that occurs with potentiation of a remedy. As the potency is increased, every step, i.e. coherent wave shift decreases, thus increasing the probability of exact coincidence of the drug and gene waves and their contraposition to the wave of a xenobiotic. Wave shift by have the phase of a xenobiotic wave makes them opposite in terms of amplitude. They begin to damp each other and thus pathogenic effects of a xenobiotic are neutralized. In such a way, drug activity on the body is determined by wave characteristics of the medicinal substance molecules. Activity of allopathic medications depends on the dose, e.g. the number of drug substance molecules. Activity of homeopathic medications depends on the degree of their potentiation.

Highly sensitive refractive index sensor for detection of Hg2+ based on Fano-like resonance in metal-dielectric-metal meta-structure

We experimentally and theoretically investigate Fano-like resonance in large-area Au/SiO2/Au nano-patches meta-structure, which is originating from the coupling between Fabry Perot resonance and magnetic dipole resonance modes. A highly sensitive refractive index sensor based on the lineshape analysis is obtained. The extracted wavelength shift with the amount of substance of Hg2+ changing from 10-3 pmol to 1 nmol has a linear dependence, and the sensitivity can reach to ultra-low limit of detection (LOD) as 10-3 pmol. This study may provide an approach for the development and modification in sensing.

Metrological framework to support accurate, reliable, and reproducible nucleic acid measurements

Nucleic acid analysis is used in many areas of life sciences such as medicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring. Accurate, reliable measurements of nucleic acids are crucial for maximum impact, yet users are often unaware of the global metrological infrastructure that exists to support these measurements. In this work, we describe international efforts to improve nucleic acid analysis, with a focus on the Nucleic Acid Analysis Working Group (NAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance: Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM). The NAWG is an international group dedicated to improving the global comparability of nucleic acid measurements; its primary focus is to support the development and maintenance of measurement capabilities and the dissemination of measurement services from its members: the National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs). These NMIs and DIs provide DNA and RNA measurement services developed in response to the needs of their stakeholders. The NAWG members have conducted cutting edge work over the last 20 years, demonstrating the ability to support the reliability, comparability, and traceability of nucleic acid measurement results in a variety of sectors.

Substance Use Disorders

Substance use disorders are chronic, relapsing illnesses that are associated with serious medical, economic, and social consequences. Substance use disorders are associated with loss of control over the amount of substance used, continued use despite negative consequences, preoccupation with use, and dysphoria during abstinence. In heavy and long-term users, abrupt cessation or reduction in substance use results in substance-specific withdrawal syndrome. Risk of substance use disorders is influenced by genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors.

The Mole and Avogadro’s Number

Measuring Chemical Quantities: The Mole introduces the mole as the chemist’s unit for the amount of substance and discusses its relationship with Avogadro’s number of chemical entities including atoms, ions, molecules and formula units. Calculations demonstrate the use of the mole to convert between mass and the number of chemical entities.

Effect of Different Extraction Method on Total Flavonoid Contents of Sansevieria trifasciata P. Leaves Extract

Sanseviera leaves (Sansevieria trifasciata P.) is a plant that contains flavonoids. Flavonoid in the health sector act as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti inflammatory and anti diabetic. The extraction method will determine the amount of substance on the plant extract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different extraction method on total flavonoid contents of sansevieria leaves extract. The method used is an experimental by comparing meceration and soxhletation extraction method to the total flavonoid contents of sansevieria leaves extract using UV-Vis spectrophotometric. The results showed that the total flavonoid contents of the maceration extraction method was 13.934 mgQE/g or 1.39% higher than the soxhlet extraction method of 8.117 mgQE/g or 0.81%. The results of statistical tests showed that significant value of 0.001 (p<0.05), means that there is a significant effect between the contents of total flavonoids in maceration and soxhlet extraction methods.

Medical Students’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Justice-Involved Health

Despite the demonstrated need for sustainable and effective carceral health care, justice-involved medical education curricula are limited, and it’s unclear if informal clinical education is sufficient. Investigators aimed to quantify medical student involvement with carceral populations and explore how students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards justice-involved patients changed over the course of their training. A survey was designed by the investigators and sent to all current medical students at a single United States medical school. Stata 14.0 was used to compare results between the years of medical school. Differences between groups were tested using linear regression. Most 4th year students reported working in a carceral health setting. An increase in overall knowledge of justice-involved patients was observed as carceral medicine education (ptrend = 0.02), hours worked in a jail (ptrend < 0.01), and substance abuse training (ptrend < 0.01) increased. Overall attitude score increased with the students’ reported number of hours working in a jail (ptrend < 0.01) and the amount of substance abuse training (ptrend < 0.01). Finally, we found a trend of increasing knowledge and attitude scores as the year of standing increased (ptrend < 0.01). Our data suggest that most USC medical students work in a carceral setting during medical school. Didactic and experiential learning opportunities correlated with improved knowledge of and attitude toward justice-involved patients, with increases in both metrics increasing as the year in medical school increased. However, senior medical students still scored poorly. These findings underscore the need for a formal curriculum to train our healthcare workforce in health equity for carceral populations.

Fluid migration recorded by fluid inclusions in crack-sealed quartz veins and sandstone host rock; Cameros Basin, Spain

The role of deep hydrothermal fluid circulation through fractures and their impact on the sandstone host rock is studied in an extensional sedimentary basin (Cameros Basin, Spain) affected by a post-extensional hydrothermal metamorphism. The quartzarenites of the Urbión Group constituted a hydrocarbon carrier affected by very low to low-grade hydrothermal metamorphism during Late Albian to Coniacian. This process generated abundant quartz veins and transformed the quartzarenites into quartzites. This study compares the microthermometry of the fluid inclusion asemblages (FIAs) in the veins and in the quartz grain overgrowths in the quartzites, in order to understand the behavior of the hydrothermal fluids through fractures and their effects in the host rock. Fluid inclusions in the quartz grain overgrowths contain liquid and vapor at room temperature and homogenize to the liquid (Th: 124–265 °C, H2O + NaCl system). Those of quartz veins present both liquid and vapor CO2 and an aqueous liquid phase (room temperature). Final homogenization is to the liquid (Th: 109–282 °C, H2O + NaCl + CO2, mean values of amount-of-substance fractions: 0.92, 0.01, 0.07). Large Th variation within each FIA is common, due to crack and sealing processes and to reequilibration by successive thermal pulses. In contrast, the narrow Th range in each FIA towards the top of the record indicates that these inclusions are probably not reequilibrated. Two growing stages are recognized under SEM-CL in the quartz grain overgrowths, one diagenetic and another hydrothermal, the later with FIAs showing Th similar than the veins. The results can help in the evaluation of the geo-energy resources in sedimentary basins.