Preserving children’s fertility: two tales about children’s right to an open future and the margins of parental obligations

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Cutas ◽  
Kristien Hens
Keyword(s):  
Open Future ◽  
Parental Obligations

What do new neuroscience discoveries in children mean for their open future?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl D. Lew
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Open Future ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Pediatric Ethics ◽  
Pediatric Decision Making ◽  
New Research ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare

Over the last decade, the number of neuroimaging and other neuroscience studies on the developing brain from fetal life through adolescence has increased exponentially. Children are viewed as particularly vulnerable members of our society and observations of significant neural structural changes associated with behavioral anomalies raise numerous ethical concerns around personal identity, free will, and the possibility of an open future. This chapter provides a review of recent research in the pediatric neuroscience literature, common pediatric decision-making, and social justice models, and discusses the implications of this research for the future of pediatric ethics thinking and policy. New research presents challenges to professional and pediatric bioethicist views of the moral future of children in pediatric healthcare and opportunities to examine anew notions of how to consider the developing moral agency of children.

scholarly journals Considerations for Pediatric Retirement from Athletics Following Repetitive Concussive Traumatic Brain Injury: Incorporating the Right to an Open Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2266
Author(s):  
Tyler S. Gibb ◽  
Kathryn Redinger ◽  
Casey Fealko ◽  
Sonia Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Open Future ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
Athletic Competition ◽  
Adolescent Athlete ◽  
Clinical Considerations ◽  
Federal Laws ◽  
The Right ◽  
Concussive Injury

Guidance regarding the decision to remove an adolescent from athletic competition immediately following an acute concussive injury and the safe return of play in the short term is widely accepted and supported by clinical evidence, local institutional policies, and state and federal laws. There is considerably less guidance regarding the decision to permanently retire an adolescent athlete for medical reasons due to concussive injuries. In this article, we discuss the clinical and non-clinical considerations that should guide clinicians in discussions regarding the adolescent athlete’s permanent retirement by emphasizing the ethical obligation to protect the child’s right to an open future as possibly determinative in otherwise ambiguous cases.

scholarly journals Two Conceptions of Second Nature

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg W. Bertram
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Open Future ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Cognitive Activities ◽  
The Open Future ◽  
The One ◽  
First Nature

AbstractThe concept of second nature promises to provide an explanation of how nature and reason can be reconciled. But the concept is laden with ambiguity. On the one hand, second nature is understood as that which binds together all cognitive activities. On the other hand, second nature is conceived of as a kind of nature that can be changed by cognitive activities. The paper tries to investigate this ambiguity by distinguishing a Kantian conception of second nature from a Hegelian conception. It argues that the idea of a transformation from a being of first nature into a being of second nature that stands at the heart of the Kantian conception is mistaken. The Hegelian conception demonstrates that the transformation in question takes place within second nature itself. Thus, the Hegelian conception allows us to understand the way in which second nature is not structurally isomorphic with first nature: It is a process of ongoing selftransformation that is not primarily determined by how the world is, but rather by commitments out of which human beings are bound to the open future.

Time and Truth: The Presentism-Eternalism Debate

Philosophy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Stoneham
Keyword(s):  
Open Future ◽  
Equal Footing ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Growing Block ◽  
The Open Future ◽  
Block Universe ◽  
The Way

AbstractThere are many questions we can ask about time, but perhaps the most fundamental is whether there are metaphysically interesting differences between past, present and future events. An eternalist believes in a block universe: past, present and future events are all on an equal footing. A gradualist believes in a growing block: he agrees with the eternalist about the past and the present but not about the future. A presentist believes that what is present has a special status. My first claim is that the familiar ways of articulating these views result in there being no substantive disagreement at all between the three parties. I then show that if we accept the controversial truthmaking principle, we can articulate a substantive disagreement. Finally, I apply this way of formulating the debate to related questions such as the open future and determinism, showing that these do not always line up in quite the way one would expect.

Will CRISPR Germline Engineering Close the Door to an Open Future?

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1409-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Mintz ◽  
John D. Loike ◽  
Ruth L. Fischbach
Keyword(s):  
Open Future ◽  
Germline Engineering

US Cell Phone Industry Faces an Open Future

Computer ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
G. Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Cell Phone ◽  
Open Future

scholarly journals Legal Status of Minor Testator’s Parents Deprived of Parental Authority in Intestate Succession. Some Remarks on the Solutions in Polish, Russian, and Italian Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-134
Author(s):  
Hanna Witczak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Parental Authority ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Parental Obligations ◽  
Legal Situation ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Minor

The legal situation of minor testator’s parents in intestate succession poses a significant legal and social problem. In Polish law, parents who have been deprived of parental authority continue to enjoy their civil-law status; in other words, they maintain the right to inherit from their child under statute. Meanwhile, the reasons for which the court applied the strictest possible “sanction” in the form of deprivation of authority of parents who, in exercising their rights under parental authority, seriously violated the child’s interest or grossly neglected parental obligations, which is noticeable even to an ordinary bystander, seem to be sufficient “proof” that family ties, which are decisive for the statutory title to inherit, do not exist. If these ties are severed or seriously disrupted, the consequences should be seen in all areas of life. Simply put, persons who deliberately break apart the family should not enjoy the advantages that the law provides for testator’s closest relatives. In such a case, to consider the effect of deprivation of parental authority by “releasing” its holders from any obligation towards the child may not be considered a sufficient civil sanction, especially given that in the vast majority of cases, the reason for such deprivation is gross neglect of parental duties by one or both parents. The consequences of this type of negligence should also, if not primarily, consist in the deprivation of pecuniary benefits that the parents of a minor could enjoy after his or her death. The current legal solutions governing this area undoubtedly need to be revised. Such imperfect normative solutions adopted in Polish law prove the need to propose de lege ferenda recommendations. In this context, it is worthwhile to have a look at the normative solutions adopted in foreign legal systems and whether they can be grafted on Polish law. The reference to the Russian and Italian legal systems seems particularly recommendable due to the fact that their normative solutions directly allude to the institution of deprivation of parental authority in the context of admissibility of the title to inherit.

The Pediatrician's Role in Family Support Programs

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-783
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Parental Obligations ◽  
Natural Support ◽  
Socially Isolated ◽  
Additional Support

The health and welfare of children depend on the ability of families, alone or with the assistance of others, to meet their needs. This task has become increasingly difficult for many families. Pediatricians need to be able to recognize situations in which families may have difficulty fulfilling parental obligations and assist the family in finding available additional support. CHANGES IN FAMILIES The structure of families and patterns of family life in the United States have undergone some profound changes during the past quarter century. The proportion of births to unmarried women increased between 1960 to 1985 from 5.3% to 22% and has continued in the same direction.1-3 Since 1960 the divorce rate has more than doubled,1-3 and it is estimated that 25% of children growing up in this decade will experience a divorce.4 Although remarriage rates are high, over a third again end in divorce.5 As a consequence, 8% fewer children are living with two parents (74.8% in 1989 versus 83.1% in 1971),6,7 and only 61% live with both biologic parents.8 Further evidence of change in family life is that almost 60% of all mothers with preschool-aged children are in the labor force, reflecting a twofold increase since 1970.9 A decline in the purchasing power of family income, the lack of comparable wages for women, and significant rates of homelessness have all stressed families and contributed to the continuing escalation of the percentage of children who live in poverty. Finally, internal migration within the country has separated many families from the natural support systems provided by their extended families, leaving parents socially isolated and interrupting the intergenerational transmission of advice and support.

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