A novel approach for audio steganography by processing of amplitudes and signs of secret audio separately

Recently, security has become the prime concern for any organization and other civil and military applications. In this field of security, the data security during communication over an insecure wireless channel is the most important task which can be done by performing cryptography, watermarking and steganography. However, cryptography and watermarking schemes can be identified easily because of change in the data structure hence attackers can focus on that particular part to hack the secret information whereas steganography is a hiding mechanism in which secret message can be concealed into the cover and it can be retrieved at the receiver end. Several techniques have been introduced during last decade which are focused on image-image steganography and audio steganography. In the proposed work, we concentrate on audio steganography and develop a novel approach where secret message can be in the form of plain text or image, whereas cover message is in the form of audio. In order to provide additional security to this model we incorporate AES encryption scheme where secret message is encrypted and hidden in the cover audio. The proposed approach uses DCT coefficient computation and AES encryption scheme. An extensive experimental study is carried based on different test cases and evaluated against state-of-art techniques. The experimental study shows that the proposed approach achieves better performance for audio steganography.

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Hybrid Audio Steganography and Cryptography Method Based on High Least Significant Bit (LSB) Layers and One-Time Pad—A Novel Approach

Studies in Computational Intelligence - Intelligent Systems and Applications ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-69266-1_21 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 431-453

Author(s):

Samah M. H. Alwahbani ◽

Huwaida T. I. Elshoush

Keyword(s):

Least Significant Bit ◽

Audio Steganography ◽

Novel Approach

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A Novel Approach to Secure Communication Using Audio Steganography

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.963 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 403-408 ◽

pp. 963-969 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mayank Srivastava ◽

Mohd Qasim Rafiq

Keyword(s):

Secure Communication ◽

Secret Message ◽

Information Revolution ◽

Digital Information ◽

Audio Signals ◽

Secret Data ◽

Encoding Scheme ◽

Audio Steganography ◽

Novel Approach ◽

And Performance

The digital information revolution has brought important changes in our society and life. Nowadays, large amount of data is transmitted over the network and if the data that is being transmitted is important, one should use secure technique like steganography to transmit it. Steganography is a method of hiding a secret message in a cover media such as text, image, audio etc. in a way that hides the existence of the secret data. This paper introduces new method for audio steganography. The proposed method works on the basis of low bit blind encoding scheme which is used to embed secret data into non-silent samples of wav audio file. Robustness and performance of the proposed scheme is investigated by performing experiments on different audio signals.

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Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20190591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 476 (24) ◽

pp. 3705-3719 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Avani Vyas ◽

Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽

Kirill Kiselyov

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Platinum Resistance ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Platinum Compounds ◽

Copper Chelation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

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Collecting Words: A Clinical Example of a Morphology-Focused Orthographic Intervention

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 544-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Murphy ◽

Emily A. Diehm

Keyword(s):

Written Language ◽

Morphological Knowledge ◽

English Orthography ◽

Word Level ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Language Pathology ◽

The One ◽

Critical Intervention ◽

Reading And Spelling ◽

Reading And Spelling Difficulties

Purpose Morphological interventions promote gains in morphological knowledge and in other oral and written language skills (e.g., phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, and spelling), yet we have a limited understanding of critical intervention features. In this clinical focus article, we describe a relatively novel approach to teaching morphology that considers its role as the key organizing principle of English orthography. We also present a clinical example of such an intervention delivered during a summer camp at a university speech and hearing clinic. Method Graduate speech-language pathology students provided a 6-week morphology-focused orthographic intervention to children in first through fourth grade ( n = 10) who demonstrated word-level reading and spelling difficulties. The intervention focused children's attention on morphological families, teaching how morphology is interrelated with phonology and etymology in English orthography. Results Comparing pre- and posttest scores, children demonstrated improvement in reading and/or spelling abilities, with the largest gains observed in spelling affixes within polymorphemic words. Children and their caregivers reacted positively to the intervention. Therefore, data from the camp offer preliminary support for teaching morphology within the context of written words, and the intervention appears to be a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing morphological knowledge, reading, and spelling. Conclusion Children with word-level reading and spelling difficulties may benefit from a morphology-focused orthographic intervention, such as the one described here. Research on the approach is warranted, and clinicians are encouraged to explore its possible effectiveness in their practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12290687

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