PpGRAS12 acts as a positive regulator of meristem formation in Physcomitrium patens

Abstract Key message This study focused on the key regulatory function of Physcomitrium patens GRAS12 gene underlying an increasing plant complexity, an important step in plant terrestrialization and the evolutionary history of life. Abstract The miR171‐GRAS module has been identified as a key player in meristem maintenance in angiosperms. PpGRAS12 is a member of the GRAS family and a validated target for miR171 in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. Here we show a regulatory function of miR171 at the gametophytic vegetative growth stage and targeted deletion of the PpGRAS12 gene adversely affects sporophyte production since fewer sporophytes were produced in ΔPpGRAS12 knockout lines compared to wild type moss. Furthermore, highly specific and distinct growth arrests were observed in inducible PpGRAS12 overexpression lines at the protonema stage. Prominent phenotypic aberrations including the formation of multiple apical meristems at the gametophytic vegetative stage in response to elevated PpGRAS12 transcript levels were discovered via scanning electron microscopy. The production of multiple buds in the PpGRAS12 overexpression lines similar to ΔPpCLV1a/1b disruption mutants is accompanied by an upregulation of PpCLE and downregulation of PpCLV1, PpAPB, PpNOG1, PpDEK1, PpRPK2 suggesting that PpGRAS12 acts upstream of these genes and negatively regulates the proposed pathway to specify simplex meristem formation. As CLV signaling pathway components are not present in the chlorophytic or charophytic algae and arose with the earliest land plants, we identified a key regulatory function of PpGRAS12 underlying an increasing plant complexity, an important step in plant terrestrialization and the evolutionary history of life.

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The Canine Morbillivirus Strain Associated with An Epizootic in Caspian Seals Provides New Insights into the Evolutionary History of this Virus

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v11100894 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 894 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wendy K. Jo ◽

Martin Peters ◽

Aidyn Kydyrmanov ◽

Marco W. G. van de Bildt ◽

Thijs Kuiken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Caspian Sea ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Animal Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Domestic Animal ◽

Wild Type ◽

The Caspian Sea ◽

History Of ◽

Sporadic Cases ◽

Generation Sequencing

Canine morbillivirus (canine distemper virus; CDV) is a worldwide distributed morbillivirus that causes sporadic cases and recurrent epizootics among an increasing number of wild, feral, and domestic animal species. We investigated the evolutionary history of CDV strains involved in the 1988 Lake Baikal (CDVPS88) and the 2000 Caspian Sea (CDVPC00) seal die-offs by recovery of full-length sequences from archived material using next-generation sequencing. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses indicated that CDVPC00 constitutes a novel strain in a separate clade (tentatively termed “Caspian”) from the America-1 clade, which is comprised of older vaccine strains. The America-1/Caspian monophyletic group is positioned most basally with respect to other clades and is estimated to have separated from other CDV clades around 1832. Our results indicate that CDVPC00 recovered from the epizootic in the Caspian Sea in 2000 belongs to a previously undetected novel clade and constitutes the most ancestral wild-type CDV clade.

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The origins and evolutionary history of human non-coding RNA regulatory networks

Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology ◽

10.1142/s0219720017500056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (02) ◽

pp. 1750005 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Masih Sherafatian ◽

Seyed Javad Mowla

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Regulatory Network ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Regulatory Function ◽

Protein Coding ◽

Evolutionary Pattern ◽

Non Coding Rna ◽

History Of ◽

Non Coding Rnas

The evolutionary history and origin of the regulatory function of animal non-coding RNAs are not well understood. Lack of conservation of long non-coding RNAs and small sizes of microRNAs has been major obstacles in their phylogenetic analysis. In this study, we tried to shed more light on the evolution of ncRNA regulatory networks by changing our phylogenetic strategy to focus on the evolutionary pattern of their protein coding targets. We used available target databases of miRNAs and lncRNAs to find their protein coding targets in human. We were able to recognize evolutionary hallmarks of ncRNA targets by phylostratigraphic analysis. We found the conventional 3′-UTR and lesser known 5′-UTR targets of miRNAs to be enriched at three consecutive phylostrata. Firstly, in eukaryata phylostratum corresponding to the emergence of miRNAs, our study revealed that miRNA targets function primarily in cell cycle processes. Moreover, the same overrepresentation of the targets observed in the next two consecutive phylostrata, opisthokonta and eumetazoa, corresponded to the expansion periods of miRNAs in animals evolution. Coding sequence targets of miRNAs showed a delayed rise at opisthokonta phylostratum, compared to the 3′ and 5′ UTR targets of miRNAs. LncRNA regulatory network was the latest to evolve at eumetazoa.

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Darker eggs resist more to desiccation: the case of melanin in Aedes, Anopheles and Culex mosquito vectors

10.1101/109223 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Luana C Farnesil ◽

Helena C M Vargas ◽

Denise Valle ◽

Gustavo L Rezende

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary History ◽

Egg Viability ◽

Mosquito Vectors ◽

Wild Type ◽

Culex Mosquito ◽

Anopheles Quadrimaculatus ◽

Cuticle Formation ◽

Late Embryogenesis ◽

Anopheles Aquasalis ◽

History Of

AbstractMosquito vectors lay their eggs in the aquatic milieu. During early embryogenesis water passes freely through the transparent eggshell, composed of exochorion and endochorion. Within two hours the endochorion darkens via melanization but even so eggs shrink and perish if removed from moisture. However, during mid-embryogenesis, cells of the extraembryonic serosa secretes the serosal cuticle, localized right below the endochorion, which greatly reduces water flow and allows the egg to survive outside the water. The degree of egg resistance to desiccation (ERD) at late embryogenesis varies among different species: Aedes aegypti, Anopheles aquasalis and Culex quinquefasciatus eggs can survive in a dry environment for ≥ 72, 24 and 5 hours, respectively. In some adult insects, darker-body individuals show greater resistance to desiccation than lighter ones. We asked if melanization enhances serosal cuticle-dependent ERD. Species with higher ERD at late embryogenesis exhibit more melanized eggshells. The melanization-ERD hypothesis was confirmed employing two Anopheles quadrimaculatus strains, the wild type and the mutant GORO, with a dark-brown and a golden eggshell, respectively. In all cases, serosal cuticle formation is fundamental for the establishment of an efficient ERD but egg viability outside the water is much higher in mosquitoes with darker eggshells than in those with lighter ones. The finding that pigmentation influences egg water balance is relevant to understand the evolutionary history of insect coloration. Since eggshell and adult cuticle pigmentation ensure insect survivorship in some cases, they should be considered regarding species fitness and novel approaches for vector or pest insects control.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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