scholarly journals Comparison of Past Year Substance Use Estimates by Age, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity Between Two Representative Samples of the U.S. Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Grigsby ◽  
Krista Howard ◽  
Jeffrey T. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
The U.S

Race, Ethnicity, and Pain among the U.S. Adult Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie L. Shavers ◽  
Alexis Bakos ◽  
Vanessa B. Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The U.S

Are perceived prevalences of infection also biased and how? Lessons from large epidemics of mosquito-borne diseases in tropical regions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn Raude
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Telephone Surveys ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Risk Estimates ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Actual Prevalence

Objectives: Although people have been repeatedly found to underestimate the frequency of risks to health from common diseases, we still do not know much about reasons for this systematic bias, which is also referred to as “primary bias” in the literature. In this study, we take advantage of a series of large epidemics of mosquito-borne diseases to examine the accuracy of judgments of risk frequencies. In this aim, we assessed the perceived versus the observed prevalence of infection by zika, chikungunya or dengue fever during these outbreaks, as well as their variations among different subpopulations and epidemiological settings.Design: We used data drawn from 4 telephone surveys, conducted between 2006 and 2016, among representative samples of the adult population in tropical regions (Reunion, Martinique, and French Guiana). The participants were asked to estimate the prevalence of these infections by using a natural frequency scale.Results: The surveys showed that (1) most people greatly overestimated the prevalence of infection by arbovirus, (2) these risk overestimations fell considerably as the actual prevalence of these diseases increased, (3) the better-educated and male participants consistently yielded less inaccurate risk estimates across epidemics, and (4) that these biases in the perception of prevalence of these infectious diseases are relatively well predicted by probability weighting function.Conclusions: These findings suggest that the cognitive biases that affect perception of prevalence of acute infectious diseases are not fundamentally different from those that characterize other types of probabilistic judgments observed in the field of behavioral decision-making. They also indicate that numeracy may play a considerable role in people’s ability to transform epidemiological observations from their social environment to more accurate risk estimates.

scholarly journals Temporal changes in allostatic load patterns by age, race/ethnicity, and gender among the US adult population; 1988–2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 106483
Author(s):  
Justin Xavier Moore ◽  
Malcolm S. Bevel ◽  
Stella Aslibekyan ◽  
Tomi Akinyemiju
Keyword(s):  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ethnicity And Gender

scholarly journals Health Care Access Measures and Palliative Care Use by Race/Ethnicity among Metastatic Gynecological Cancer Patients in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 6040
Author(s):  
Jessica Y. Islam ◽  
Veeral Saraiya ◽  
Rebecca A. Previs ◽  
Tomi Akinyemiju
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Facility Type ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Distance To Care ◽  
The U.S

Palliative care improves quality-of-life and extends survival, however, is underutilized among gynecological cancer patients in the United States (U.S.). Our objective was to evaluate associations between healthcare access (HCA) measures and palliative care utilization among U.S. gynecological cancer patients overall and by race/ethnicity. We used 2004–2016 data from the U.S. National Cancer Database and included patients with metastatic (stage III–IV at-diagnosis) ovarian, cervical, and uterine cancer (n = 176,899). Palliative care was defined as non-curative treatment and could include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and pain management, or any combination. HCA measures included insurance type, area-level socioeconomic measures, distance-to-care, and cancer treatment facility type. We evaluated associations of HCA measures with palliative care use overall and by race/ethnicity using multivariable logistic regression. Our population was mostly non-Hispanic White (72%), had ovarian cancer (72%), and 24% survived <6 months. Five percent of metastatic gynecological cancer patients utilized palliative care. Compared to those with private insurance, uninsured patients with ovarian (aOR: 1.80,95% CI: 1.53–2.12), and cervical (aOR: 1.45,95% CI: 1.26–1.67) cancer were more likely to use palliative care. Patients with ovarian (aOR: 0.58,95% CI: 0.48–0.70) or cervical cancer (aOR: 0.74,95% CI: 0.60–0.88) who reside >45 miles from their provider were less likely to utilize palliative care than those within <2 miles. Ovarian cancer patients treated at academic/research programs were less likely to utilize palliative care compared to those treated at community cancer programs (aOR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.58–0.84). Associations between HCA measures and palliative care utilization were largely consistent across U.S. racial-ethnic groups. Insurance type, cancer treatment facility type, and distance-to-care may influence palliative care use among metastatic gynecological cancer patients in the U.S.

Incremental direct medical expenditures associated with anxiety disorders for the U.S. adult population: Evidence from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaheh Shirneshan ◽  
Jim Bailey ◽  
George Relyea ◽  
Brandi E. Franklin ◽  
David K. Solomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Medical Expenditures ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
The U.S
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