scholarly journals Estimation of surface soil organic matter using a ground-based active sensor and aerial imagery

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. F. Roberts ◽  
V. I. Adamchuk ◽  
J. F. Shanahan ◽  
R. B. Ferguson ◽  
J. S. Schepers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Active Sensor

Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. I. Initial changes to soil organic matter and related parameters

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
D. R. Mulligan ◽  
L. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Double Pass ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Difference

At Weipa, in Queensland, Australia, sown tree and shrub species sometimes fail to establish on bauxite-mined land, possibly because surface-soil organic matter declines during soil stripping and replacement. We devised 2 field experiments to investigate the links between soil rehabilitation operations, organic matter decline, and revegetation failure. Experiment 1 compared two routinely practiced operations, dual-strip (DS) and stockpile soil, with double-pass (DP), an alternative method, and subsoil only, an occasional result of the DS operation. Other treatments included variations in stripping-time, ripping-time, fertiliser rate, and cultivation. Dilution of topsoil with subsoil, low-grade bauxite, and ironstone accounted for the 46% decline of surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C in DS compared with pre-strip soil. In contrast, organic C in the surface-soil (0–10 cm) of DP plots (25.0 t/ha) closely resembled the pre-strip area (28.6 t/ha). However, profile (0–60 cm) organic C did not differ between DS (91.5 t/ha), DP (107 t/ha), and pre-strip soil (89.9 t/ha). Eighteen months after plots were sown with native vegetation, surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C had declined by an average of 9% across all plots. In Experiment 2, we measured the potential for post-rehabilitation decline of organic matter in hand-stripped and replaced soil columns that simulated the DS operation. Soils were incubated in situ without organic inputs. After 1 year’s incubation, organic C had declined by up to 26% and microbial biomass C by up to 61%. The difference in organic C decline between vegetated replaced soils (Expt 1) and bare replaced soils (Expt 2) showed that organic inputs affect levels of organic matter more than soil disturbance. Where topsoil was replaced at the top of the profile (DP) and not ploughed, inputs from volunteer native grasses balanced oxidation losses and organic C levels did not decline.

Warming alters surface soil organic matter composition despite unchanged carbon stocks in a Tibetan permafrost ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Li ◽  
Yunfeng Peng ◽  
Leiyi Chen ◽  
Guibiao Yang ◽  
Benjamin W. Abbott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Organic Matter Composition ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Composition

scholarly journals Mercury distribution in surface soil of China is potentially driven by precipitation, vegetation cover and organic matter

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-Yang Zhang ◽  
Gang Li ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Guo-Xin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Low Emission

Abstract Background Mercury (Hg) distribution in surface soil in China is quite uneven with relatively high concentrations in southeastern China and low concentrations in northwestern China. The reason for this is inconclusive so far, especially on the continental scale. In the present study we used the multiple linear regression model to evaluate the relative importance of these different factors and elucidate the contribution on soil Hg of major factors, such as dry and wet precipitations, vegetation cover, soil organic matter and solar radiation. Results Wet and dry deposition associated with precipitation and vegetation cover, and emissions influenced by soil organic matter (SOM), are key factors controlling Hg distribution in surface soil. In southeast China, high wet deposition associated with south Asia monsoon and dry deposition, enhanced by vegetation canopies, together with low emission caused by high vegetated surface and solar radiation, are responsible for high Hg in soil (> 0.08 mg/kg). In northeast China, medium wet Hg deposition and high dry deposition via throughfall and litterfall, low emission due to weak solar radiation and high SOM are responsible for high Hg accumulation in soil. In northwest China, low wet deposition, together with high emission by low vegetation cover (bare soil), SOM and strong solar radiation contributed to low Hg in surface soil (< 0.03 mg/kg). Conclusions We suggest that wet deposition derived from Asian monsoon, dry deposition linked to vegetated surfaces and Hg emission associated with vegetation cover, SOM and solar radiation play key roles in Hg balance in other terrestrial environments worldwide, especially in those regions with significantly high wet and dry deposition and high vegetation cover.

scholarly journals The causes of spatial variability of surface soil organic matter in different forests in depressions between karst hills

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (19) ◽  
pp. 6259-6269
Author(s):  
宋敏 SONG Min ◽  
彭晚霞 PENG Wanxia ◽  
邹冬生 ZOU Dongsheng ◽  
曾馥平 ZENG Fuping ◽  
杜虎 DU Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Surface Soil

The sulphur status of wheat in red-brown earths in southern NSW

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (48) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lipsett ◽  
CH Williams
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
New South ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Sulphur Deficiency ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pot Culture

An investigation was made of the availability to wheat of sulphur in red-brown earths in southern New South Wales. There was no response in grain yield to the application of sulphate to phosphorus-treated or to phosphorus and nitrogen-treated plots at any of 14 field sites, although appreciable responses were obtained in pot culture using surface soil taken from eight of the sites. Under field conditions, mineralization of soil organic matter appears likely to provide adequate sulphur where crops are grown without nitrogen fertilizer. In addition, appreciable amounts of readily available sulphur may be present in the subsoil. The results indicate that triple superphosphate could be used for the fertilization of cereal crops on these soils without risk of sulphur deficiency. Use of nitrogenous fertilizer, however, would increase the possibility of sulphur deficiency.

Tillage Management Alters Surface Soil Organic Matter Composition: A Pyrolysis Mass Spectroscopy Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 1620-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Sleutel ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Kader ◽  
Peter Leinweber ◽  
Karoline D'Haene ◽  
Stefaan De Neve
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Spectroscopy Study ◽  
Organic Matter Composition ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Composition

Soil Management: An Overview

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. R. Juo ◽  
Kathrin Franzluebbers
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Slash And Burn ◽  
Over Time

The term “soil management” refers to the human manipulation of chemical, physical, and biological conditions of the soil for the production of agricultural plants. Good soil management helps maintain and improve soil fertility while sustaining optimum crop yield over time, whereas inappropriate soil management practices can lead to the degradation of soil fertility and a declining crop yield within a relatively short period of time. In a cropped field, where pests and disease are not limiting factors, the decline in crop yield over time may be attributed to several soil-related factors, namely, deterioration of soil physical conditions, such as surface crusting and subsurface compaction, depletion of available nutrients in the soil and soil acidification, soil moisture stress (drought or waterlogging), and the decline in soil organic matter and soil biological activity. Thus, major tasks of soil management for crop production include the following: • tillage and seedbed preparation • replenishment of soil nutrients • soil moisture management • maintenance of soil organic matter The main purposes of tillage are to loosen a compacted surface soil to facilitate seed emergence and root growth through improved soil aeration and water storage, and to eradicate weeds before planting and control subsequent weed growth during the cropping season. Common tillage practices used in tropical agriculture are as follows: • Slash-and-burn, followed by sowing seeds into holes made by punching a wooden stick into the porous surface soil. • Slash-and-burn, followed by heaping or ridging the compacted surface soil using a hand hoe. • Plowing, harrowing, and puddling in irrigated rice paddies using water buffalo or a two-wheel power-tiller. • Ridge tillage using a hand hoe, animal traction or an engine-powered tractor on crusted or compacted soils and poorly drained clayey soils. • Minimum or strip tillage with a crop-residue mulch on coarse-textured soils and on sloping land. • Conventional tillage involving plowing and harrowing on fine-textured soils and compacted soils on flatland. • Minimum tillage with a plant-residue mulch or cover crop in annual and tree crop mixed systems (agroforestry).

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