Strong shift from HCO3 − to CO2 uptake in Emiliania huxleyi with acidification: new approach unravels acclimation versus short-term pH effects

This paper introduces a semi-automated system that facilitates emergency response vehicle (ERV) movement through a transportation link by providing instructions to downstream non-ERVs. The proposed system adapts to information from non-ERVs that are nearby and downstream of the ERV. As the ERV passes stopped non-ERVs, new non-ERVs are considered. The proposed system sequentially executes integer linear programs (ILPs) on transportation link segments with information transferred between optimizations to ensure ERV movement continuity. This paper extends a previously developed mathematical program that was limited to a single short segment. The new approach limits runtime overhead without sacrificing effectiveness and is more suitable to dynamic systems. It also accommodates partial market penetration of connected vehicles using a heuristic reservation approach, making the proposed system beneficial in the short-term future. The proposed system can also assign the ERV to a specific lateral position at the end of the link, a useful capability when next entering an intersection. Experiments were conducted to develop recommendations to reduce computation times without compromising efficiency. When compared with the current practice of moving to the nearest edge, the system reduces ERV travel time an average of 3.26 s per 0.1 mi and decreases vehicle interactions.

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Deep Learning Ensemble Based New Approach for Very Short-Term Wind Power Forecasting

2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) ◽

10.1109/pesgm41954.2020.9281473 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dan A. Rosa de Jesus ◽

Paras Mandal ◽

Yuan-Kang Wu ◽

Tomonobu Senjyu

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Wind Power ◽

Short Term ◽

New Approach ◽

Wind Power Forecasting ◽

Power Forecasting

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Biological CO2 Uptake and Upwelling Regulate the Air-Sea CO2 Flux in the Changjiang Plume Under South Winds in Summer

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.709783 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Dewang Li ◽

Xiaobo Ni ◽

Kui Wang ◽

Dingyong Zeng ◽

Bin Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

Co2 Flux ◽

Co2 Uptake ◽

Short Term ◽

Biological Production ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Wind Event ◽

Wind Events ◽

Biogeochemical Parameters

The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in the sea and the air-sea CO2 flux in plume waters are subject to interactions among biological production, horizontal advection, and upwelling under wind events. In this study, time series of pCO2 and other biogeochemical parameters in the dynamic Changjiang plume were presented to illuminate the controlling factors of pCO2 and the air-sea CO2 flux after a strong south wind event (July 23–24, maximum of 11.2 ms–1). The surface pCO2 decreased by 310 μatm (to 184 μatm) from July 24 to 26. Low-pCO2 waters (<200 μatm) were observed in the following 2 days. Corresponding chlorophyll a and dissolved oxygen (DO) increase, and a significant relationship between DO and npCO2 indicated that biological uptake drove the pCO2 decrease. The salinity of undersaturated-CO2 waters decreased by 3.57 (from 25.03 to 21.46) within 2 days (July 27–28), suggesting the offshore advection of plume waters in which CO2 had been biologically reduced. Four days after the wind event, the upwelling of high-CO2 waters was observed, which increased the pCO2 by 428 μatm (up to 584 μatm) within 6 days. Eight days after the onset of upwelling, the surface pCO2 started to decrease (from 661 to 346 μatm within 3 days), which was probably associated with biological production. Regarding the air-sea CO2 flux, the carbon sink of the plume was enhanced as the low-pCO2 plume waters were pushed offshore under the south winds. In its initial stage, the subsequent upwelling made the surface waters act as a carbon source to the atmosphere. However, the surface waters became a carbon sink again after a week of upwelling. Such short-term air-sea carbon fluxes driven by wind have likely occurred in other dynamic coastal waters and have probably induced significant uncertainties in flux estimations.

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Hurricane Arthur and its effect on the short-term variability of pCO<sub>2</sub> on the Scotian Shelf, NW Atlantic

10.5194/bg-2017-370 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Lemay ◽

Helmuth Thomas ◽

Susanne E. Craig ◽

William J. Burt ◽

Katja Fennel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Partial Pressure ◽

Carbon Cycling ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

High Temporal Resolution ◽

Co2 Uptake ◽

Surface Mixed Layer ◽

Scotian Shelf ◽

Short Term ◽

Partial Pressure Of Co2 ◽

Short Term Variability

Abstract. The understanding of seasonal variability of carbon cycling on the Scotian Shelf, NW Atlantic Ocean, has improved in recent years, however, very little information is available regarding its short-term variability. In order to shed light on this aspect of carbon cycling on the Scotian Shelf we investigate the effects of Hurricane Arthur, which passed the region on July 5th 2014. The hurricane caused a substantial decline in the surface water partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), even though the Scotian Shelf possesses CO2 rich deep waters. High temporal resolution data of moored autonomous instruments demonstrate that there is a distinct layer of relatively cold water with low dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) slightly above the thermocline, presumably due to a sustained population of phytoplankton. Strong storm-related wind mixing caused this cold intermediate layer with high phytoplankton biomass to be entrained into the surface mixed layer. At the surface, phytoplankton begin to grow more rapidly due to increased light. The combination of growth and mixing of low DIC water led to a short-term reduction in partial pressure of CO2 until wind speeds relaxed and allowed for the restratification of the upper water column. These Hurricane-related processes caused a (net-) CO2 uptake by the Scotian Shelf region that is comparable to the spring bloom, thus exerting a major impact on the annual CO2 flux budget.

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“The Death of Liberal Internationalism?: Donald Trump, Walmart, and the Two Koreas”

Journal of American-East Asian Relations ◽

10.1163/18765610-02502003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 169-197

Author(s):

Mitchell B. Lerner

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Business Practices ◽

Short Term ◽

New Approach ◽

Liberal Internationalism ◽

The People ◽

Modern Business ◽

Short Time

The election of Donald J. Trump unsettled many areas of U.S. foreign policy, but few more than the nation’s relationship with Korea. This article argues that the Trump administration’s vision for the world represents a stark break from the tradition of liberal internationalism and instead seeks to take the United States down a path that reflects the modern business practices of giant American corporations. A suitable label for this vision, as the following pages will show, is “Walmart unilateralism.” This framework abandons the traditional American policies of nation building and alliances based on shared ideological values. Instead, it embraces a more short-term approach rooted in financial bottom lines, flexible alliances and rivalries, and the ruthless exploitation of power hierarchies. This new approach, this article concludes, may dramatically transform the American relationship with Korea. Walmart unilateralism in Korea almost certainly will have some short-time positive ramifications for the United States, but its larger failure to consider the history and values of the people living on the Korean Peninsula may generate serious long-term problems for the future experience of the United States in the region.

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