Utilization of Electric Vehicles for Vehicle-to-Grid Services: Progress and Perspectives

With every passing second, we witness the effect of the global environmental impact of fossil fuels and carbon emissions, to which nations across the globe respond by coming up with ambitious goals to become carbon-free and energy-efficient. At the same time, electric vehicles (EVs) are developed as a possible solution to reach this ambitious goal of making a cleaner environment and facilitating smarter transportation modes. This excellent idea of shifting towards an entirely EV-based mobility industry and economy results in a range of issues that need to be addressed. The issues range from ramping up the electricity generation for the projected increase in consumption to developing an infrastructure that is large enough to support the higher demand for electricity that arises due to the market penetration of EVs. Vehicle to grid (V2G) is a concept that is largely in a testing phase in the current scenario. However, it appears to offer a solution to the issues created by a mobility sector that the constantly growing EV fleet will dominate. Furthermore, the integration of EVs with the grid seems to offer various cost-wise and environment-wise benefits while assisting the grid by tapping into the idle energy of parked EVs during peak hours. This review aims to present some of the possible ancillary service potentials of such a system while also discussing the potential challenges, impacts, and future market penetration capabilities of V2G technology.

Intelligent connected mobility 4.0: Regulatory concepts

The last decade reflects undeniable rapid growth in intelligent connected mobility in the European Union and internationally. Whereas automotive producers united forces to address the projected technical difficulties vis-à-vis the deployment of Intelligent Connected Vehicles through coordinated efforts and partnerships, academia is committed to clarifying fundamental new regulatory concepts to reveal potential and foreseeable legal inconsistencies in such technological development. The lack of a determination of the fundamental legal concepts or the vague and ambiguous determination of essential regulatory concepts creates overall legal uncertainty and is considered an obstacle to ensuring the smooth market penetration of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in the European Union. This article claims its contribution to existing literature by integrating further unambiguous and specific regulatory concepts in the context of the regulation of Intelligent Connected Vehicles. This article addresses: (i) the prerequisites for uniform Intelligent Connected Vehicles’ fundamental regulatory concepts based on complex retrospective analysis vis-à-vis road traffic accidents involving conventional vehicles and (ii) the prototype of regulatory concepts that need to be established and accurately distinguished for intelligent connected mobility 4.0, with the cross-border element at the European Union level.

The Colombian Media Industry on the Digital Social Consumption Agenda in Times of COVID-19

The pandemic and lockdown forced the media and its agents to transform and think differently. The situation brought with it the reinvention of productive routines and revitalized the information consumption agenda of audiences immersed in screen devices. The operational change of the Colombian media industry, at a time of conjuncture, is approached by this research from a mixed, quantitative and qualitative methodology, with the aim of evaluating the response of the national news company to citizens’ news expectations during lockdown. The case study outlines a digital characterization of the public’s relationship with the media and communication. The corpus of analysis is made up of the actions of the main news agencies in Colombia—press (2), radio (5), television (2)—and their actions on social media—Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube—in the period between 1 January and 31 May 2020. The result of this study denotes a mediamorphosis of analogue media that revitalizes and integrates them into a 360° consumption chain, focusing on content that gives way to a creative culture that adapts to the demands of the market and imposes a see now, share now strategy to expand its market penetration.

Model Construction and Potential of Social Entrepreneurship in East NUSA Tenggara Province

Purpose: This study aims to 1) Identify and explore the concept of social entrepreneurship in NTT, 2) Explore communities and figures who carry out social entrepreneurship on Alor Island, Flores and Timor, and 3) Create social entrepreneurship models in the context of empowering local communities in NTT. Research Methodology: This research is descriptive, verification and explanatory, where this research is descriptive because it describes or takes pictures of the variables under study. The method used in this research is a qualitative method. The sampling technique used was nonprobality sampling, be in the form of snowball sampling. Finding: There are several forms of social entrepreneurship in East Nusa Tenggara. Based on the SWOT analysis and the IE matrix above, it can be said that social entrepreneurship in NTT is in the position of cell V. So the strategy used is defense and maintenance accompanied by market penetration and product development strategies. The empowerment-based social entrepreneur model in the context of NTT is a Hybrid model, where business organizations use business methods, but the end result is the creation of social value. Limitations: This research was only conducted in several areas in East Nusa Tenggara so that the depiction of social entrepreneurs in this study does not fully describe the models and potentials of social entrepreneurs in East Nusa Tenggara. Contribution: This research becomes scientific information for business management and entrepreneurship.

Challenges and Development Strategy of Sharia Insurance in an Era of Economic Disruption

<p><em>The presence of Islamic insurance is an alternative to avoid conventional insurance, which is considered to have elements of usury, maytsir, gharar and zholim. In the era of economic disruption, Islamic insurance players and customers are waiting for the government's strategic policies as regulators and facilitators. The formulation of a sharia insurance development strategy policy begins with analyzing the obstacles to developing sharia insurance in Indonesia. These constraints mean that the number of sharia insurance customers in Indonesia is not maximal. These obstacles include the lack of socialization and promotion, inadequate use of technology, lack of product and service development, lack of knowledge, and the existence of conventional insurance. Based on these constraints, strategies for developing sharia insurance in Indonesia that can be carried out include maximizing socialization and promotion, maximizing the use of technology, developing products and services, increasing literacy, and market penetration. This research aims to analyze Islamic insurance's constraints and development strategies using a mathematical method, namely the Analytic Network Process (ANP) method so that scientific studies support policy recommendations. Furthermore, in this study, the ANP method was adopted in a survey design involving several respondents. The heterogeneity of the assessments of some respondents is expected to provide a more rational alternative. The analysis results using the ANP method are priority constraints to get more attention and priority strategies that can be used to formulate policies to make them more focused.</em></p>

The effect of washing on the electrical performance of knitted textile strain sensors for quantifying joint motion

Successful market penetration of textile-based strain sensors requires long-term reliability which in turn relies on the washability of the sensor. First, this paper presents an evaluation of the effect of 5 washing cycles on the electrical performance of a knitted conductive transducer, over 1500 cycles of repetitive elongation. The promising behaviour of the textile sensor in this study showed that it might be possible to make a smart garment, capable of quantifying elbow flexion-extension motion, by integrating it into an elbow sleeve. Second, a prototype sleeve, incorporating a knitted sensor (the so-called smart sleeve), was tested in a simulated training/clinical setting by performing 50 flexion-extension cycles after 1, 5, 15, 25, 50 and 75 washes. In both studies, the electrical resistance of the sensor increased with the number of washes in a predictable manner and exhibited a repeatable, reliable and prompt response to elongation. In particular, the electrical pattern representing flexion-extension motion measured using the sleeve was clear and distinguishable up to the 75th wash. Moreover, resistance measurements within the same trial were repeatable at maximum flexion (≤2% variation) and at maximum extension (≤3% variation) and predictable with increasing washes (R2 = 0.992 at maximum flexion and R2 = 0.989 at maximum extension). The good washability of the smart sleeve, evidenced by its ability to detect, distinguish and measure parameters of flexion-extension motion up to 75 washes, makes it a suitable and sustainable choice for applications, such as strength conditioning or rehabilitation, where repetition count and speed are useful.

Overview of the main powertrain architectures for hybrid and electric vehicles

The research for alternative solutions to assist the propulsion, fuel converters and energy storage systems (ESS) in vehicular applications has become the focus of many institutions and mainly in the automotive industry, aiming to reduce the impacts caused by the emission of gases in the exhaust pipe and to improve energy efficiency in the worldwide vehicle fleet. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and Electric Vehicles (EV) are currently a reality and meet this requirement to build a greener and less polluting society. In this context, this paper describes the operational characteristics of the different powertrain architectures employed in hybrid electric vehicles, including series, parallel and series-parallel topologies, as well as battery-powered and fuel cell electric vehicles. Finally, some of the elementary issues facing these advanced vehicular technologies, including the challenges for market penetration are highlighted.

Analisa Kualitas Pelayanan dan Strategi Perusahaan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dengan Metode QFD dan SWOT pada Jasa Pengiriman Barang

Goods delivery services become the most profitable business opportunities. Facing the reality of the number of goods or services with diverse quality and consumer tastes are easy to change and there are several competitors in this field, resulting in a sharper level of competition. With the growing number of freight services competitors, each delivery service provider such as JNE, TIKI, and Pos Indonesia need to have a special strategy to improve customer satisfaction. This study aims to examine the service quality from each delivery service provider to customer satisfaction through IPA and QFD methods and SWOT analysis to establish the company's strategy in maintaining its position in the market is facing competitors. CSI results obtained for goods delivery services in Jakarta are in the category of quite satisfied but have not reached the maximum satisfaction point. Using the IPA method, researchers found that Pos Indonesia delivery service is one of the delivery services that need to be improved the service quality to be able to survive. Attributes that affect the services and targets that are the priority of Pos Indonesia are based on the QFD method, namely the need for training to employees to be able to improve their service quality. In addition, the right strategic steps to be taken by Pos Indonesia are intensive strategies including market penetration, market development, and service product development to accelerate the company's growth. This strategy is strongly related to the proposed design of strength and opportunity strategies that have been analyzed through SWOT analysis methods. Jasa pelayanan pengiriman barang menjadi salah satu peluang bisnis yang sangat menguntungkan. Menghadapi kenyataan banyaknya barang atau jasa dengan kualitas beragam dan selera konsumen yang mudah berganti serta terdapat beberapa pesaingdibidang ini, mengakibatkan tingkat persaingan semakin tajam. Semakin bertambahnya pesaing-pesaing dari jasa pelayanan pengiriman barang, masing-masing penyedia jasa pengiriman barang seperti JNE, TIKI dan Pos Indonesia perlu memiliki strategi khusus untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas pelayanan dari masing-masing penyedia jasa pengiriman barang terhadap kepuasan pelanggannya melalui pendekatan metode IPA dan QFD serta untuk menetapkan strategi perusahaan dalam mempertahankan posisinya dipasar dalam menghadapi pesaing melalui analisa SWOT. Pada penelitian ini, didapatkan hasil CSI untuk jasa pengiriman barang di Jakarta berada dalam kategori cukup puas namun belum mencapai titik kepuasan maksimum. Dalam analisa menggunakan metode IPA, peneliti menemukan bahwa jasa pengiriman Pos Indonesia, merupakan salah satu jasa pengiriman yang perlu ditingkatkan kualitas pelayanannya untuk dapat bertahan. Atribut yang mempengaruhi pelayanan dan target yang menjadi prioritas Pos Indonesia didasarkan pada metode QFD, yaitu perlunya pelatihan kepada karyawan untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanannya. Selain itu, langkah strategis yang tepat untuk dilakukan oleh Pos Indonesia yaitu strategi intensif meliputi penetrasi pasar, pengembangan pasar dan pengembangan produk layanan untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan perusahaan. Strategi ini berkaitan sangat kuat dengan rancangan usulan strategi kekuatan dan peluang yang telah dianalisa melalui metode analisa SWOT.

Performance Assessment of Motorized Solar Photovoltaic Louvers System Using PVSYST Software

In the realm of technological market penetration of solar photovoltaiclouvers (PVL) addressing environmental difficulties and the industrialrevolution, a new avenue of renewable energy is introduced. Moreover,solar energy exploitation through building façades was addressedthrough motorized solar photovoltaic louvers (MPVL). On the otherhand, proponents exalted the benefits of MPVL overlooking the typicalanalyses. In this communication, we attempted to perform a thoroughindustrial system evaluation of the MPVL. This communication presentsa methodology to validate the industrial claims about MPVL devices andtheir economic efficiency and the insight on how geographical locationinfluences their utilization and augment their potential benefits. This taskis carried out by evaluating the extent of solar energy that can be harvestedusing solar photovoltaic system (PVSYST) software and investigatingwhether existing product claims are associated with MPVL are feasible indifferent locations. The performance and operational losses (temperature,internal network, power electronics) were evaluated. To design and assessthe performance of different configurations based on the geographicalanalogy, simulation tools were successfully carried out based on differenttopographical locations. Based on these findings, various factors affect theemployment of MPVL such as geographical and weather conditions, solarirradiation, and installation efficiency. tt is assumed that we successfullyshed light and provided insights into the complexity associated withMPVL.

Just a Phase? Assessment of the Potential for Phase Change Materials in New Zealand Buildings

<p>Phase change materials in buildings could save energy and cost by bridging the gap between when energy is available and when it is needed. This is because they are capable of storing and releasing large amounts of energy by melting and solidifying at an appropriate temperature for use in buildings. Yet, despite being in development for decades, PCM building materials have not achieved significant market penetration. This thesis investigates ways in which Phase Change Materials have been used in buildings in the past and what products are currently available. The investigation suggests that because of cost these materials might be appropriately applied to commercial interiors. It explores the history of office design internationally and in New Zealand and suggests alternative ways in which PCM materials could be used that would be attractive to designers and architects. By assessing the results of two modelling studies this research is able to suggest at what cost these products may become viable. The thesis concludes that market penetration unlikely to change significantly unless one or more of the following occur; A significantly cheaper, and sustainable, PCM is found Domestic electricity prices rise so dramatically that the potential 20% space heating saving accruing from PCMs becomes far more significant A level of design value is added to the development of PCM products in order to attract a wider market In the making of low energy and sustainable buildings it has been recognised that a multi-disciplinary approach is vital for a successful outcome, and it would seem logical that same would be true of developing new products towards the goal of sustainability. Designers and engineers must work collaboratively to create desirable products and accurate and validated information about their performance in buildings is needed for architects to persuade clients to use new materials and take the lead in the process of achieving majority acceptance. Despite previous international research, these studies show that in New Zealand PCM application has more benefit in residential applications than in the commercial sector.</p>