The Effect of Phase Transformations During Electrom-Beam 3D-Printing and Post-Built Heat Treatment on Plastic Deformation and Fracture of Additively Manufactured High Nitrogen Cr–Mn Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Astafurova ◽  
K. A. Reunova ◽  
S. V. Astafurov ◽  
M. Yu. Panchenko ◽  
E. V. Melnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Mn Steel

The effect of phase transformations in the process of electrom-beam 3D-printing and post-built heat treatment on the peculiarities of plastic deformation and fracture of high nitrogen Cr-Mn steel

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
E.G. Astafurova ◽  
◽  
K.A. Reunova ◽  
S.V. Astafurov ◽  
M.Yu. Panchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Deformation And Fracture

We investigated the phase composition, plastic deformation and fracture micromechanisms of Fe-(25-26)Cr-(5-12)Mn-0.15C-0.55N (wt. %) high-nitrogen chromium-manganese steel. Obtained by the method of electron-beam 3D-printing (additive manufacturing) and subjected to a heat treatment (at a temperature of 1150°C following by quenching). To establish the effect of the electron-beam 3D-printing process on the phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of high-nitrogen steel, a comparison was made with the data for Fe-21Cr-22Mn-0.15C-0.53N austenitic steel (wt. %) obtained by traditional methods (casting and heat treatment) and used as a raw material for additive manufacturing. It was experimentally established that in the specimens obtained by additive manufacturing method, depletion of the steel composition by manganese in the electron-beam 3D-printing and post-built heat treatment contributes to the formation of a macroscopically and microscopically inhomogeneous two-phase structure. In the steel specimens, macroscopic regions of irregular shape with large ferrite grains or a two-phase austenite-ferrite structure (microscopic inhomogeneity) were observed. Despite the change in the concentration of the basic elements (chromium and manganese) in additive manufacturing, a high concentration of interstitial atoms (nitrogen and carbon) remains in steel. This contributes to the macroscopically heterogeneous distribution of interstitial atoms in the specimens - the formation of a supersaturated interstitial solid solution in the austenitic regions due to the low solubility of nitrogen and carbon in the ferrite regions. This inhomogeneous heterophase (ferrite-austenite) structure has high strength properties, good ductility and work hardening, which are close to those of the specimens of the initial high-nitrogen austenitic steel used as the raw material for additive manufacturing.

Effect of heat treatment on the structural and phase transformations and mechanical properties of TiNi alloy subjected to severe plastic deformation by torsion

2009 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Kuranova ◽  
D. V. Gunderov ◽  
A. N. Uksusnikov ◽  
A. V. Luk’yanov ◽  
L. I. Yurchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Tini Alloy ◽  
Structural And Phase Transformations

Phase transformations in the Zr-rich part of the Zr-Fe system resulting from heat treatment and plastic deformation

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Z. Weiss ◽  
M. Bamberger ◽  
M. M. Stupel
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Phase Transformations

Plastic deformation and fracture behaviour of high-nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (14) ◽  
pp. 1635-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guixun Sun ◽  
Anwei Yu ◽  
Shicheng Sun ◽  
Changtao Ji ◽  
Zhonghao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Fracture Behaviour ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Deformation And Fracture

Structure Formation in High-Nitrogen Steel during Heat Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera V. Berezovskaya ◽  
Eugeny A. Merkushkin ◽  
Yu. A. Raskovalova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Subsequent Aging ◽  
Hot Plastic Deformation ◽  
Nitrogen Steel ◽  
Χ Phase

Steel 06Cr18Mn19Mo2N (P900N + Mo) was chosen to study the phase composition and structural transformations occurring in high-nitrogen nickel-free austenitic steels as a result of heat treatments to which they are exposed during production or operation. The methods of light and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dilatometric analysis were used in the work. The heat treatment scheme included hot plastic deformation, quenching and aging over a wide temperature range. It is shown that after the hot plastic deformation and quenching from 1050-1150 °С, and also after quenching with subsequent aging at 300 and 500 °С, the structure consists of austenite and isostructural matrix of nanoscale nitrides CrN. Thermal aging of steel at 700-750 °C causes the formation of Mo2N nitrides along the grain boundaries, and at 800 °C the decomposition of austenite is accompanied by a discontinuous reaction γγdepleted + σ with the formation of the χ-phase at prolonged exposures.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Ion Implantation on the Cavitation Erosion Resistance and Cobalt-Based Solid Solution Phase Transformations of HIPed Stellite 6

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2324
Author(s):  
Mirosław Szala ◽  
Dariusz Chocyk ◽  
Anna Skic ◽  
Mariusz Kamiński ◽  
Wojciech Macek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Ion Implantation ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Matrix Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Ion Implantation ◽  
Stellite 6 ◽  
Nitrogen Ion

From the wide range of engineering materials traditional Stellite 6 (cobalt alloy) exhibits excellent resistance to cavitation erosion (CE). Nonetheless, the influence of ion implantation of cobalt alloys on the CE behaviour has not been completely clarified by the literature. Thus, this work investigates the effect of nitrogen ion implantation (NII) of HIPed Stellite 6 on the improvement of resistance to CE. Finally, the cobalt-rich matrix phase transformations due to both NII and cavitation load were studied. The CE resistance of stellites ion-implanted by 120 keV N+ ions two fluences: 5 × 1016 cm−2 and 1 × 1017 cm−2 were comparatively analysed with the unimplanted stellite and AISI 304 stainless steel. CE tests were conducted according to ASTM G32 with stationary specimen method. Erosion rate curves and mean depth of erosion confirm that the nitrogen-implanted HIPed Stellite 6 two times exceeds the resistance to CE than unimplanted stellite, and has almost ten times higher CE reference than stainless steel. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms that NII of HIPed Stellite 6 favours transformation of the ε(hcp) to γ(fcc) structure. Unimplanted stellite ε-rich matrix is less prone to plastic deformation than γ and consequently, increase of γ phase effectively holds carbides in cobalt matrix and prevents Cr7C3 debonding. This phenomenon elongates three times the CE incubation stage, slows erosion rate and mitigates the material loss. Metastable γ structure formed by ion implantation consumes the cavitation load for work-hardening and γ → ε martensitic transformation. In further CE stages, phases transform as for unimplanted alloy namely, the cavitation-inducted recovery process, removal of strain, dislocations resulting in increase of γ phase. The CE mechanism was investigated using a surface profilometer, atomic force microscopy, SEM-EDS and XRD. HIPed Stellite 6 wear behaviour relies on the plastic deformation of cobalt matrix, starting at Cr7C3/matrix interfaces. Once the Cr7C3 particles lose from the matrix restrain, they debond from matrix and are removed from the material. Carbides detachment creates cavitation pits which initiate cracks propagation through cobalt matrix, that leads to loss of matrix phase and as a result the CE proceeds with a detachment of massive chunk of materials.

Peculiarities of tensile deformation and fracture of high-nitrogen steel obtained by electron beam additive manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Astafurov ◽  
Elena G. Astafurova ◽  
Kseniya A. Reunova ◽  
Evgenii V. Melnikov ◽  
Marina Yu. Panchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Tensile Deformation ◽  
High Nitrogen Steel ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Nitrogen Steel

scholarly journals Effect of nanostructure on phase transformations during heat treatment of 2024 aluminum alloy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Demétrio ◽  
A.P. G. Nogueira ◽  
C. Menapace ◽  
T. Bendo ◽  
A. Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
2024 Aluminum Alloy
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