Explant disinfection with chlorine dioxide promotes adventitious shoot organogenesis in Crassula portulacea via the regulation of reactive oxygen species and related gene expression

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with various roles of brown adipocytes. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) controls cellular redox potentials by producing NADPH. Although G6PD upregulates cellular ROS levels in white adipocytes, the roles of G6PD in brown adipocytes remain elusive. Here, we found that G6PD defect in brown adipocytes impaired thermogenic function through excessive cytosolic ROS accumulation. Upon cold exposure, G6PD-deficient mutant (G6PDmut) mice exhibited cold intolerance and downregulated thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT). In addition, G6PD-deficient brown adipocytes had increased cytosolic ROS levels, leading to ERK activation. In BAT of G6PDmut mice, administration of antioxidant restored the thermogenic activity by potentiating thermogenic gene expression and relieving ERK activation. Consistently, body temperature and thermogenic execution were rescued by ERK inhibition in cold-exposed G6PDmut mice. Taken together, these data suggest that G6PD in brown adipocytes would protect against cytosolic oxidative stress, leading to cold-induced thermogenesis.

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Approaches to Define the Involvement of Reactive Oxygen Species and Iron in Ultraviolet-A Inducible Gene Expression

Stress Response ◽

10.1385/1-59259-054-3:257 ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 257-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Charareh Pourzand ◽

Olivier Reelfs ◽

Rex M. Tyrrell

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Ultraviolet A ◽

Inducible Gene Expression ◽

Inducible Gene

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Freezing Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms is Associated with the High Activity of Antioxidant System and Adjustment of Photosynthetic Activity under Cold Acclimation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21165899 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (16) ◽

pp. 5899 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adam Augustyniak ◽

Izabela Pawłowicz ◽

Katarzyna Lechowicz ◽

Karolina Izbiańska-Jankowska ◽

Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Freezing Tolerance ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Protein Accumulation ◽

Oxygen Species

Though winter-hardiness is a complex trait, freezing tolerance was proved to be its main component. Species from temperate regions acquire tolerance to freezing in a process of cold acclimation, which is associated with the exposure of plants to low but non-freezing temperatures. However, mechanisms of cold acclimation in Lolium-Festuca grasses, important for forage production in Europe, have not been fully recognized. Thus, two L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms with distinct freezing tolerance were used herein as models in the comprehensive research to dissect these mechanisms in that group of plants. The work was focused on: (i) analysis of cellular membranes’ integrity; (ii) analysis of plant photosynthetic capacity (chlorophyll fluorescence; gas exchange; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes of the Calvin cycle); (iii) analysis of plant antioxidant capacity (reactive oxygen species generation; gene expression, protein accumulation, and activity of selected enzymes); and (iv) analysis of Cor14b accumulation, under cold acclimation. The more freezing tolerant introgression form revealed a higher integrity of membranes, an ability to cold acclimate its photosynthetic apparatus and higher water use efficiency after three weeks of cold acclimation, as well as a higher capacity of the antioxidant system and a lower content of reactive oxygen species in low temperature.

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Reactive Oxygen Species Are Key Mediators of Demyelination in Canine Distemper Leukoencephalitis but not in Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20133217 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Attig ◽

Spitzbarth ◽

Kalkuhl ◽

Deschl ◽

Puff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Oxidized Lipids ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Spinal Cord Tissue ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Canine Distemper ◽

Membrane Breakdown ◽

Expression Microarrays

(1) Background: Canine distemper virus (CDV)-induced demyelinating leukoencephalitis (CDV-DL) in dogs and Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis (TME) virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating leukomyelitis (TMEV-DL) are virus-induced demyelinating conditions mimicking Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can induce the degradation of lipids and nucleic acids to characteristic metabolites such as oxidized lipids, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxyguanosine. The hypothesis of this study is that ROS are key effector molecules in the pathogenesis of myelin membrane breakdown in CDV-DL and TMEV-DL. (2) Methods: ROS metabolites and antioxidative enzymes were assessed using immunofluorescence in cerebellar lesions of naturally CDV-infected dogs and spinal cord tissue of TMEV-infected mice. The transcription of selected genes involved in ROS generation and detoxification was analyzed using gene-expression microarrays in CDV-DL and TMEV-DL. (3) Results: Immunofluorescence revealed increased amounts of oxidized lipids, malondialdehyde, and 8-hydroxyguanosine in CDV-DL while TMEV-infected mice did not reveal marked changes. In contrast, microarray-analysis showed an upregulated gene expression associated with ROS generation in both diseases. (4) Conclusion: In summary, the present study demonstrates a similar upregulation of gene-expression of ROS generation in CDV-DL and TMEV-DL. However, immunofluorescence revealed increased accumulation of ROS metabolites exclusively in CDV-DL. These results suggest differences in the pathogenesis of demyelination in these two animal models.

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