Identification systems and selection criteria for small ruminants among pastoralist communities in northern Kenya: prospects for a breeding programme

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487-1492 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Mbuku ◽  
I. S. Kosgey ◽  
A. K. Kahi
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 971-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke Vossenaar ◽  
Frances A Knight ◽  
Alison Tumilowicz ◽  
Christine Hotz ◽  
Peter Chege ◽  
...  

AbstractObjectiveTo formulate age- and context-specific complementary feeding recommendations (CFR) for infants and young children (IYC) and to compare the potential of filling population-level nutrient gaps using common sets of CFR across age groups.DesignLinear programming was used to develop CFR using locally available and acceptable foods based on livelihood- and age-group-specific dietary patterns observed through 24 h dietary recalls. Within each livelihood group, the nutrient potential of age-group-specific v. consolidated CFR across the three age groups was tested.SettingThree food-insecure counties in northern Kenya; namely, settled communities from Isiolo (n 300), pastoralist communities from Marsabit (n 283) and agro-pastoralist communities from Turkana (n 299).SubjectsBreast-fed IYC aged 6–23 months (n 882).ResultsAge-specific CFR could achieve adequacy for seven to nine of eleven modelled micronutrients, except among 12–23-month-old children in agro-pastoralist communities. Contribution of Fe, Zn and niacin remained low for most groups, and thiamin, vitamin B6 and folate for some groups. Age-group-consolidated CFR could not reach the same level of nutrient adequacy as age-specific sets among the settled and pastoralist communities.ConclusionsContext- and age-specific CFR could ensure adequate levels of more modelled nutrients among settled and pastoralist IYC than among agro-pastoralist communities where use of nutrient-dense foods was limited. Adequacy of all eleven modelled micronutrients was not achievable and additional approaches to ensure adequate diets are required. Consolidated messages should be easier to implement as part of a behaviour change strategy; however, they would likely not achieve the same improvements in population-level dietary adequacy as age-specific CFR.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Dennis Getange ◽  
Joel L. Bargul ◽  
Esther Kanduma ◽  
Marisol Collins ◽  
Boku Bodha ◽  
...  

Ticks and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) are major constraints to camel health and production, yet epidemiological data on their diversity and impact on dromedary camels remain limited. We surveyed the diversity of ticks and TBPs associated with camels and co-grazing sheep at 12 sites in Marsabit County, northern Kenya. We screened blood and ticks (858 pools) from 296 camels and 77 sheep for bacterial and protozoan TBPs by high-resolution melting analysis and sequencing of PCR products. Hyalomma (75.7%), Amblyomma (17.6%) and Rhipicephalus (6.7%) spp. ticks were morphologically identified and confirmed by molecular analyses. We detected TBP DNA in 80.1% of blood samples from 296 healthy camels. “Candidatus Anaplasma camelii”, “Candidatus Ehrlichia regneryi” and Coxiella burnetii were detected in both camels and associated ticks, and Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Rickettsia africae, Rickettsia aeschlimannii and Coxiella endosymbionts were detected in camel ticks. We also detected Ehrlichia ruminantium, which is responsible for heartwater disease in ruminants, in Amblyomma ticks infesting camels and sheep and in sheep blood, indicating its endemicity in Marsabit. Our findings also suggest that camels and/or the ticks infesting them are disease reservoirs of zoonotic Q fever (C. burnetii), ehrlichiosis (E. chaffeensis) and rickettsiosis (R. africae), which pose public health threats to pastoralist communities.


Author(s):  
Cristina Lazăr ◽  
Mihail Alexandru Gras ◽  
Rodica Ștefania Pelmu ◽  
Cătălin Mircea Rotar ◽  
Florin Popa

Genomic era beginning in 2009 when a lot of studies were undertaken in small ruminants to revel the animal genomes and this new technology make possible this achievement with specific tools like ovine SNP chip. First countries with tradition in sheep production that participated and implemented this new technology for Genomic evaluation were Australia, New Zealand followed by France that applied genomics in dairy sheep and goats. Researches were made recently to fill the existent gap for sheep dairy breeds having in mind the examples from dairy cattle from United States of America. The complex mechanism of milk production involves many genes responsible with different tasks. Some of this genes had the expression in the mammary gland. Genomics helps a lot sheep breeders by minimizing genotyping cost with a better understanding of how to maximize benefits of genomic selection. To be able to accomplish worldwide foods necessities for human requirements, we must have in mind the demographic explosion, the climate change and the eminent crises that will appear soon, in agriculture and animal science and start to found sustainable solutions for these problems. Genomic information helps a lot to take the most appropriate decision when is all about how to select an animal that must be genetically conserved, avoiding the biased estimating breeding values and keeping the genetic diversity.


2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Natasha Okell ◽  
Jeffrey Mariner ◽  
Robert Allport ◽  
Nicoletta Buono ◽  
Henry M’Ikiugu Mutembei ◽  
...  

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivy L. Pike ◽  
Bilinda Straight ◽  
Matthias Oesterle ◽  
Charles Hilton ◽  
Adamson Lanyasunya

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 101243
Author(s):  
Michelle E. Dan ◽  
Lydia A. Olaka ◽  
Mamo Boru Mamo ◽  
Duncan Mutiso Chalo ◽  
Aida Cuni-Sanchez

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
Andy Soegianto ◽  
Budi Waluyo ◽  
Kuswanto Kuswanto

The study is aimed at evaluating the pod shattering resistance of F<sub>8</sub> soybean lines based on the shattering incidence and shattering severity. The materials consist of fourteen F<sub>8</sub> soybean lines and two check cultivars. The pod shattering incidence was examined by using the oven-dry method, meanwhile, the shattering severity was evaluated based on the severity of the pod opening. The pod shattering resistance based on the shattering incidence resulted in five resistant lines (7–10% shattering), seven moderate lines (13–23% shattering), one susceptible line (53% shattering), and one very susceptible line (100% shattering). The pod shattering resistance based on the shattering severity showed that the pod opening on the ventral side differed between the lines and between the shattering degree, and it tends to form sigmoid curves with a different peak position for each shattering degree. The shattering severity of the resistant, moderate, and susceptible lines reached a peak at 60 °C, 50 °C, and 40 °C, respectively. A longer pod length indicated by the length of the dorsal (r = 0.827**) and ventral (r = 0.880**) sides of the pod, a higher total pod weight (0.827**), and a larger seed size (0.794**) will increase the degree of susceptibility to pod shattering. Those characteristics were considered to be the ones that should be used as the selection criteria in the breeding programme for pod shattering resistance in soybeans.


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