Removal of perchlorate by a lab-scale constructed wetland using achira (Canna indica L.)

The removal of contaminants from sewage wastewater through constructed wetlands is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Constructed wetland (CW) is a man-made structure for wastewater treatment that uses natural processes associated with wetland vegetation, soils, and their associated microbial combinations. This study investigated the performance of experimental vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW) cells to remove heavy metals (HMs) from primary treated sewage. The primary treated sewage was collected from the sewage treatment plant (STP) in the campus of Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India. Sewage wastewater samples were collected from all cells of the experimental VFCW and analyzed for four heavy metals (Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cr). The plant species results show that the removal efficiency of the Canna indica L. for Zn, Fe, Cu, and Cr was 95%, 92%, 96%, and 93 % and Acorus calamus L.were 89 %, 80 %, 91 %, and 47 % respectively. These macrophytes with the substrate (gravel and sand) have presented a wide range of tolerance to all the selected metals and therefore can be used for field-scale constructed wetland removal of heavy metals from sewage wastewater.

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Impacting Microbial Communities and Absorbing Pollutants by Canna Indica and Cyperus Alternifolius in a Full-Scale Constructed Wetland System

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16050802 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 802 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yinghai Wu ◽

Tao He ◽

Chen Chen ◽

Xiaohang Fang ◽

Dongyang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Communities ◽

Plant Species ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Full Scale ◽

Canna Indica ◽

Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽

Wetland System ◽

Cyperus Alternifolius ◽

Rhizosphere Sediment

Wetland plants that cover the wetlands play an important role in reducing pollutants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two plant species on microbial communities and nitrogen-removal genes and to evaluate the contributions of absorbing pollutants by Canna indica (CI) and Cyperus alternifolius (CA) to the removal performance in both a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland and a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, which were part of a full-scale hybrid constructed wetland system. The microbial assemblages were determined using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that the presence of CI and CA positively affected microbial abundance and community in general and which was positive for the total bacteria and ammonia nitrogen removal in the CWs. The higher abundance of Nitrospirae appeared in the non-rhizosphere sediment (NRS) than that in the rhizosphere sediment (RS). More denitrification genes were found in NRS than in RS. The copy numbers of narG, nirS and nosZ genes for CA were higher than those for CI. Wetland plant species can significantly (P < 0.05) affect the distribution of microbial communities in RS. Plant selection is important to promote the development of microbial communities with a more active and diverse catabolic capability and the contribution of plant absorption to the overall removal rate of wetland system can be neglected.

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Study on hybrid biorack constructed wetland

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202017006014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 170 ◽

pp. 06014

Author(s):

Guru Munavalli ◽

Pratap Sonavane ◽

Sagar Wandare ◽

Kusum Biradar ◽

Nikhil Aswale

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Typha Angustifolia ◽

Batch Studies ◽

Canna Indica ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

Support Medium ◽

Recent Developments

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems (DWTS) based on natural mechanisms of purification are appropriate for Indian conditions. Biorack constructed wetland are recent developments in the domestic wastewater treatment. In the present study the concept of biorack wetland is extended to Hybrid Biorack Constructed Wetland (HBCW) in which bioracks are supplemented by brickbat as support medium for wetland vegetation. Three separate HBCW reactors were developed with Typha angustifolia, Canna indica and dual-species (Typha angustifolia and Canna indica). Batch studies were carried out on these reactors for secondary treatment of domestic wastewater. COD removal was determined for feed wastewater strength of 100 to 200 mg COD/L by these developed reactors. The growth of vegetation was also monitored. Typha angustifolia and Canna indica were found to be an appropriate combination as dual-species. The COD removal by dual-species is 5 to 10% greater than mono-species under similar conditions of feed and support medium. HBCW is efficient to an extent of 65 to 75% for COD removal. This is preliminary study conducted on HBCW. Further studies on pilot/field scale will provide better insight to assess its suitability as an alternative biological treatment.

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Performance of Canna Indica based microscale vertical flow constructed wetland under tropical conditions for domestic wastewater treatment

International Journal of Phytoremediation ◽

10.1080/15226514.2021.1962800 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Ramdas Pinninti ◽

Venkatesh Kasi ◽

L. K. S. V. Prasad Sallangi ◽

Sankar Rao Landa ◽

Maheswaran Rathinasamy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Vertical Flow ◽

Canna Indica ◽

Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland

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Removal of perchlorate by a lab-scale constructed wetland using achira (Canna indica L.)

10.21203/rs.3.rs-188699/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dongqin Li ◽

Haishuo Gao ◽

Xinyu Du ◽

Junhao Qin ◽

Huashou Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Microbial Degradation ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Plant Uptake ◽

Soil Microorganism ◽

Removal Mechanism ◽

Mass Balance Calculation ◽

Canna Indica ◽

Rhizosphere Environment ◽

Aerial Stem

Abstract Achira (Canna indica L.) has not yet been tested for its potential in removing perchlorate (ClO4−) from wastewater. In this study, constructed wetlands with and without achira were used to investigate the removal efficiency and removal mechanism of perchlorate. The results showed that more ClO4− was removed by the wetlands with achira relative to those without. Perchlorate removal in the wetlands without achira decreased with time, whereas perchlorate in the wetlands with achira was stably removed. In terms of ClO4− content, the achira tissues were in the descending order of: leaf > aerial stem > flower or rhizome > root. Perchlorate was concentrated in leaves (more than 55.8%) rather than in root (less than 0.67%). Mass balance calculation showed that plant uptake accounted for 5.81–7.34% of initial ClO4− input, while microbial degradation accounted for 29.39–62.48%. The wetlands with achira were favorable for soil microorganism growth and proliferation and in turn ClO4− biodegradation. Furthermore, the effluent pH increased in achira wetland columns and in turn promoting ClO4− removal. The results indicating that the wetlands with achira promote ClO4− removal by improving the rhizosphere environment.

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