Small-scale spatial variability in the diet of pampas foxes (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) and human-induced changes in prey base

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel A. Farias ◽  
Marcelo J. Kittlein
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Understanding Spatial Variability of NO2 in Urban Areas Using Spatial Modelling and Data Fusion Approaches

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Said Munir ◽  
Martin Mayfield ◽  
Daniel Coca
Keyword(s):  
Data Fusion ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The City

Small-scale spatial variability in NO2 concentrations is analysed with the help of pollution maps. Maps of NO2 estimated by the Airviro dispersion model and land use regression (LUR) model are fused with measured NO2 concentrations from low-cost sensors (LCS), reference sensors and diffusion tubes. In this study, geostatistical universal kriging was employed for fusing (integrating) model estimations with measured NO2 concentrations. The results showed that the data fusion approach was capable of estimating realistic NO2 concentration maps that inherited spatial patterns of the pollutant from the model estimations and adjusted the modelled values using the measured concentrations. Maps produced by the fusion of NO2-LCS with NO2-LUR produced better results, with r-value 0.96 and RMSE 9.09. Data fusion adds value to both measured and estimated concentrations: the measured data are improved by predicting spatiotemporal gaps, whereas the modelled data are improved by constraining them with observed data. Hotspots of NO2 were shown in the city centre, eastern parts of the city towards the motorway (M1) and on some major roads. Air quality standards were exceeded at several locations in Sheffield, where annual mean NO2 levels were higher than 40 µg/m3. Road traffic was considered to be the dominant emission source of NO2 in Sheffield.

Small-scale spatial variability of particle concentrations and traffic levels in Montreal: a pilot study

2005 ◽  
Vol 338 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Smargiassi ◽  
Mary Baldwin ◽  
Charles Pilger ◽  
Rose Dugandzic ◽  
Michael Brauer
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Small Scale

Small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the erosion threshold and properties of cohesive intertidal sediments

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Tolhurst ◽  
E.C. Defew ◽  
J.F.C. de Brouwer ◽  
K. Wolfstein ◽  
L.J. Stal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Erosion Threshold ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

scholarly journals Microwave snow emission modeling uncertainties in boreal and subarctic environments

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 5719-5773
Author(s):  
A. Roy ◽  
A. Royer ◽  
O. St-Jean-Rondeau ◽  
B. Montpetit ◽  
G. Picard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Microwave Emission ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Radiometric Measurements ◽  
Snow Properties ◽  
Modeling Uncertainties

Abstract. This study aims to better understand and quantify the uncertainties in microwave snow emission models using the Dense Media Radiative Theory-Multilayer model (DMRT-ML) with in situ measurements of snow properties. We use surface-based radiometric measurements at 10.67, 19 and 37 GHz in boreal forest and subarctic environments and a new in situ dataset of measurements of snow properties (profiles of density, snow grain size and temperature, soil characterization and ice lens detection) acquired in the James Bay and Umijuaq regions of Northern Québec, Canada. A snow excavation experiment – where snow was removed from the ground to measure the microwave emission of bare frozen ground – shows that small-scale spatial variability in the emission of frozen soil is small. Hence, variability in the emission of frozen soil has a small effect on snow-covered brightness temperature (TB). Grain size and density measurement errors can explain the errors at 37 GHz, while the sensitivity of TB at 19 GHz to snow increases during the winter because of the snow grain growth that leads to scattering. Furthermore, the inclusion of observed ice lenses in DMRT-ML leads to significant improvements in the simulations at horizontal polarization (H-pol) for the three frequencies (up to 20 K of root mean square error). However, the representation of the spatial variability of TB remains poor at 10.67 and 19 GHz at H-pol given the spatial variability of ice lens characteristics and the difficulty in simulating snowpack stratigraphy related to the snow crust. The results also show that for ground-based radiometric measurements, forest emission reflected by the surface leads to TB underestimation of up to 40 K if neglected. We perform a comprehensive analysis of the components that contribute to the snow-covered microwave signal, which will help to develop DMRT-ML and to improve the required field measurements. The analysis shows that a better consideration of ice lenses and snow crusts is essential to improve TB simulations in boreal forest and subarctic environments.

Variability in organic matter lost by combustion in a boreal bog during the 2001 Chisholm fire

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2509-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian W Benscoter ◽  
R Kelman Wieder
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Fire Severity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
Site Variation

Fire directly releases carbon (C) to the atmosphere through combustion of biomass. An estimated 1470 ± 59 km2 of peatland burns annually in boreal, western Canada, releasing 4.7 ± 0.6 Tg C to the atmosphere via direct combustion. We quantified within-site variation in organic matter lost via combustion in a bog peatland in association with the 116 000-ha Chisholm, Alberta, fire in 2001. We hypothesized that for peatlands with considerable small-scale microtopography (bogs and treed fens), hummocks will burn less than hollows. We found that hollows exhibit more combustion than hummocks, releasing nearly twice as much C to the atmosphere. Our results suggest that spatial variability in species composition and site hydrology within a landform and across a landscape could contribute to considerable spatial variation in the amounts of C released via combustion during peatland fire, although the magnitude of this variation may be dependent on fire severity.

scholarly journals Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Soil Chemical and Biochemical Properties in a Rewetted Degraded Peatland

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wakene Negassa ◽  
Christel Baum ◽  
Andre Schlichting ◽  
Jürgen Müller ◽  
Peter Leinweber
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Small Scale

Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Atrazine and Dinoseb Adsorption Parameters in an Alluvial Soil

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1929-1936 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mermoud ◽  
J. M. F. Martins ◽  
D. Zhang ◽  
A. C. Favre
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Adsorption Parameters

Small-scale temporal and spatial variability in the abundance of plastic pellets on sandy beaches: Methodological considerations for estimating the input of microplastics

2016 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Tavares Moreira ◽  
Alessandro Lívio Prantoni ◽  
Bruno Martini ◽  
Michelle Alves de Abreu ◽  
Sérgio Biato Stoiev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Plastic Pellets

Small-scale spatial variability in the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi affects plant performance and fungal diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1192-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stav Livne-Luzon ◽  
Ofer Ovadia ◽  
Gil Weber ◽  
Yael Avidan ◽  
Hen Migael ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Small Scale

Small-Scale Spatial Variability of Soil Nutrients and Vegetation Properties in Semi-Arid Northern China

Pedosphere ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Sheng CHEN ◽  
De-Hui ZENG ◽  
Xing-Yuan HE
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Semi Arid
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