Enhancing sustainable electricity consumption in a large ecological reserve–based country: the role of democracy, ecological footprint, economic growth, and globalisation in Brazil
Abstract
The discourse on the environment and growth nexus has been an important research agenda. However, the debate on the role of institutional quality (IQ) in environmental degradation is not adequate. Unlike others, this study examines the asymmetric effect of IQ towards ecological footprint (EF) from 1984 to 2014 in Pakistan. The non-linear autoregressive distributive lag model revealed that positive shocks are negatively effecting EF and negative shocks are positively effecting EF. Our findings suggest that a better IQ is substantially reducing EF, whereas energy consumption and economic growth are increasing EF. The study has robust policy implications.
The role of electricity towards the economy becomes crucial in many countries including in Malaysia. It becomes necessary to investigate whether electricity consumption contributes to economic growth in order to make appropriate energy policies. The purpose of this research is to examine the long run and causal relationships between electric power consumption and real GDP. This paper applies to the error-correction model. The results indicate that electricity consumption has a positive impact on economic growth. Besides that, there was unidirectional Granger causality running from electricity consumption to real GDP but not vice versa. This paper suggests that Malaysia is becoming an energy-dependent country. The government should emphasize on formulating energy strategies so as to avoid adverse effects on economic growth.
Economic growth, renewable energy consumption, and ecological footprint: Exploring the role of environmental regulations and democracy in sustainable development