Serum heavy metals of passive smoker females and its correlation to bone biomarkers and risk of osteoporosis

AbstrakInfertilitas pada pria dapat disebabkan berbagai faktor seperti logam berat, radiasi, diet, rokok, alkohol, dan obat-obatan. Logam berat yang sering dihubungkan sebagai penyebab gangguan proses spermatogenesis adalah timbal dan kadmium. Radiasi pada intensitas tinggi dapat menyebabkan kerusakan sperma atau mutasi. Konsumsi yang mengandung kortison dan leptin dalam jumlah banyak dapat mempengaruhi produksi FSH dan LH yang mengakibatkan kuantitas sperma berkurang. Asap rokok dapat mengakibatkan penurunan kuantitas atau kualitas sperma pada perokok aktif maupun pasif. Sedangkan alkohol dan obat-obatan dapat menurunkan fertilitas pria melalui jalur gangguan sistem hormon reproduksi. Gangguan hormonal dapat menyebabkan gangguan spermatogenesis, sehingga terjadi gangguan kualitas atau kuantitas sperma. AbstractInfertility on male can be cause by some factors such as heavy metal, radiation, diet, cigarette, alcohol, and drugs. Heavy metals that often related to influence the process of spermatogenesis are plumbum and cadmium. Radiation on the high intensity can destroy sperm or mutation. Consumption of cortisone and leptin in the large number will influence the production of FSH and LH that will decrease the quantity of sperm. Cigarette smoker can decrease the quantity or sperm quality on active and passive smoker. While alcohol and drugs can decrease the fertility of male through interference on reproductive hormone system. Hormonal interferences can cause/effect on spermatogenesis, so that caused decreased quality or quantity of sperm.

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Sampling and analysis of the air-water interface with SEM and EDS of microlayers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157000 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 1004-1005

Author(s):

Randall W. Smith ◽

John Dash

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Surface Microlayer ◽

Surface Films ◽

Water Interface ◽

Physical Processes ◽

Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Eds Analysis ◽

Air Water Interface ◽

Significant Area ◽

Bulk Chemical

The structure of the air-water interface forms a boundary layer that involves biological ,chemical geological and physical processes in its formation. Freshwater and sea surface microlayers form at the air-water interface and include a diverse assemblage of organic matter, detritus, microorganisms, plankton and heavy metals. The sampling of microlayers and the examination of components is presently a significant area of study because of the input of anthropogenic materials and their accumulation at the air-water interface. The neustonic organisms present in this environment may be sensitive to the toxic components of these inputs. Hardy reports that over 20 different methods have been developed for sampling of microlayers, primarily for bulk chemical analysis. We report here the examination of microlayer films for the documentation of structure and composition.Baier and Gucinski reported the use of Langmuir-Blogett films obtained on germanium prisms for infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR-ATR) of components. The sampling of microlayers has been done by collecting fi1ms on glass plates and teflon drums, We found that microlayers could be collected on 11 mm glass cover slips by pulling a Langmuir-Blogett film from a surface microlayer. Comparative collections were made on methylcel1ulose filter pads. The films could be air-dried or preserved in Lugol's Iodine Several slicks or surface films were sampled in September, 1987 in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland and in August, 1988 in Sequim Bay, Washington, For glass coverslips the films were air-dried, mounted on SEM pegs, ringed with colloidal silver, and sputter coated with Au-Pd, The Langmuir-Blogett film technique maintained the structure of the microlayer intact for examination, SEM observation and EDS analysis were then used to determine organisms and relative concentrations of heavy metals, using a Link AN 10000 EDS system with an ISI SS40 SEM unit. Typical heavy microlayer films are shown in Figure 3.

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