Study on emission factors of FCC flue gas pollutants in petroleum refineries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Luan ◽  
Cong Wu ◽  
Guangli Xiu ◽  
Feng Ju ◽  
Hao Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Petroleum Refineries

scholarly journals Study on Emission Factors of FCC Flue Gas Pollutants in Petroleum Refineries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Luan ◽  
Cong Wu ◽  
Guangli Xiu ◽  
Feng Ju ◽  
Hao Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Operating Modes ◽  
Regeneration Unit ◽  
Pollutants Emission ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
And Control ◽  
Regeneration Processes

Abstract Fluid Catalytic cracking (FCC) unit is one of the means to lighten heavy oil in refineries, and its regenerated flue gas is also the main source of air pollutants from refinery. However, it is not clear about the type and amount of pollutants discharged from FCC units. The emissions of regenerated pollutants in the stack flue gases of three typical FCC units in China were investigated in this study, including a partial regeneration unit without a CO boiler (U1), a partial regeneration unit with a CO boiler (U2) and a full regeneration unit (U3). Different monitoring methods were used to analyze the concentration of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), and the results showed that Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) monitoring results of SO2 and NOx are approximately 10 times and 5 times larger than that of the Continuous Emission Monitoring System (CEMS) data, respectively. Also, the contents of characteristic pollutants such as NH3, C6H6, HCN, C8H8, C2H4, CH4 and CO were also monitored by FTIR, and the emission factors based on coke burn-off rate and throughput were investigated. The pollutants in U1 exhibited relatively higher contents with the NH3, HCN and C6H6 of 116.99, 71.94 and 56.41 mg/Nm3 in flue gas, respectively. The emission of regenerated pollutants in U2 and U3 are significantly different from U1. Regeneration processes (including coke properties, operating modes and presence or absence of CO boilers) affected pollutants emission factors in varying degree. At last, reasonable emission factors based on the different FCC regeneration processes contributes to the prediction, assessment and control for the pollutants emission.

scholarly journals PREDICTING THE IMPACT OF A FCC TURBO EXPANDER ON PETROLEUM REFINERIES

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
N. E. G. Fermoselli
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Turbo Expander ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
The Impact

Implementing a turbo expander connected to a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit in order to produce power from flue gas has already become a common practice in oil refineries worldwide. Despite of recovering energy which used to be wasted in an orifice chamber, the implementation of expander and its skids still requires high investment, which often begins with a third-stage cyclones installation to enhance flue gas cleanness. Moreover, machine and also pipes need to be made with special materials in order to resist high temperatures and erosion. Hence, there are some items to be checked before start up a turbo expander to ensure the return on investment will reach expectations, keeping in mind that its ability to extract energy from flue gas changes widely depending on FCC operational conditions. Then, the aim of this paper is to provide the analysis of one stage turbo expander which is fed with flue gas from partial combustion FCC unit and installed with isolation valves, highlighting some points which deserve special attention before start up this type of machine. It brings together some approaches to provide valuable information about a turbo expander, particularly when it is not running yet, including the results to a hypothetical case and the sequence of calculus that can be done without using any special software applied for: • To estimate real energy generation through the turbo expander as a function of FCC feed; • To check the leaks effect; • To predict the impact of turbo expander on carbon monoxide boiler, due to a fall in temperature of the expanded flue gas; • To calculate the appropriate amount of extra supplementary gas required to be burned in the flue gas boiler in order to keep the production of steam stable; • To analyze the moisture of the flue gas so that it may predicts condensation when hot gas comes into contact with the cold duct, after opening isolation valves; • And finally, how turbo expanders fit in cleaning development mechanism to get certified carbon credits.

Locomotive Boiler Flue Gas Analysis*

1912 ◽  
Vol 74 (1914supp) ◽  
pp. 159-160
Author(s):  
Lawford H. Fry
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Analysis

Could biomass-fueled boilers be operated at higher steam temperatures? Part 3: Initial analysis of costs and benefits

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B.A. (SANDY) SHARP ◽  
W.J. JIM FREDERICK ◽  
JAMES R. KEISER ◽  
DOUGLAS L. SINGBEIL
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Superheated Steam ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Fireside Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Resistant

The efficiencies of biomass-fueled power plants are much lower than those of coal-fueled plants because they restrict their exit steam temperatures to inhibit fireside corrosion of superheater tubes. However, restricting the temperature of a given mass of steam produced by a biomass boiler decreases the amount of power that can be generated from this steam in the turbine generator. This paper examines the relationship between the temperature of superheated steam produced by a boiler and the quantity of power that it can generate. The thermodynamic basis for this relationship is presented, and the value of the additional power that could be generated by operating with higher superheated steam temperatures is estimated. Calculations are presented for five plants that produce both steam and power. Two are powered by black liquor recovery boilers and three by wood-fired boilers. Steam generation parameters for these plants were supplied by industrial partners. Calculations using thermodynamics-based plant simulation software show that the value of the increased power that could be generated in these units by increasing superheated steam temperatures 100°C above current operating conditions ranges between US$2,410,000 and US$11,180,000 per year. The costs and benefits of achieving higher superheated steam conditions in an individual boiler depend on local plant conditions and the price of power. However, the magnitude of the increased power that can be generated by increasing superheated steam temperatures is so great that it appears to justify the cost of corrosion-mitigation methods such as installing corrosion-resistant materials costing far more than current superheater alloys; redesigning biomassfueled boilers to remove the superheater from the flue gas path; or adding chemicals to remove corrosive constituents from the flue gas. The most economic pathways to higher steam temperatures will very likely involve combinations of these methods. Particularly attractive approaches include installing more corrosion-resistant alloys in the hottest superheater locations, and relocating the superheater from the flue gas path to an externally-fired location or to the loop seal of a circulating fluidized bed boiler.

150. Estimating Emission Factors in a Capacitor Factory Using a Modified Two-Zone Model

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Feigley ◽  
N. Schnaufer ◽  
T. Do ◽  
E. Lee ◽  
M. Venkatraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Zone Model
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