Examining the influence of brand-based value congruity: do the values of the International Olympic Committee really matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas G. A. Lorgnier ◽  
Nicolas Chanavat ◽  
Che-Jen Su ◽  
Shawn M. O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Value Congruity

Female Olympians’ voices: Female sports categories and International Olympic Committee Transgender guidelines

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110215
Author(s):  
Cathy Devine
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
Fair Inclusion ◽  
Female Sports ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Unanimous Agreement

The fair inclusion of female athletes at elite and Olympic levels is secured in most sports by way of female categories because of the extensively documented biological and performance-related differences between the sexes. International policy for transgender inclusion is framed by the definitive International Olympic Committee transgender guidelines in which the International Olympic Committee confirms the ‘overriding sporting objective is and remains the guarantee of fair competition’ and transwomen can be excluded from female categories if, in the interests of fairness, this is necessary and proportionate. Feminist theorists argue justice requires that women have equal moral standing in the sociocultural–political structures of society including sport. As such their voices should carry equal democratic weight. However, female elite and Olympic athletes are rarely heard in the sociocultural–political discourses of academic literature or policy formulation for transgender inclusion in female categories by the International Olympic Committee and governing bodies of sport. This empirical study investigated the views and presents the ‘voices’ of 19 female Olympians. The main findings include (1) these athletes thought both female and transgender athletes should be fairly included in elite sport, (2) unanimous agreement there is not enough scientific evidence to show no competitive advantage for transwomen, (3) unanimous agreement that the International Olympic Committee should revisit the rules and scientific evidence for transgender inclusion in female categories, and (4) the majority of athletes felt that they could not ask questions or discuss this issue without being accused of transphobia.

scholarly journals A Rights-Holder View on Human Rights Provisions in Olympic Bidding and Hosting Regulations

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Daniela Heerdt
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Winter Olympics ◽  
Potential Benefits

The Paris 2024 Summer Olympics will be the first Olympic Games for which human rights provisions were added to the Host City Contract (HCC). The Milano/Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics will be the first edition of the Games that were awarded with human rights requirements forming part of the candidature process. The inclusion of human rights provisions into hosting and bidding regulations can be seen as a reaction of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to the increasing pressure from civil society to address adverse human rights impacts of these events. This essay provides an analysis of the benefits and shortcomings of this development and reveals that from a rights-holder perspective, the benefits are meaningless. More specifically, it argues that potential benefits are cancelled out by the shortcomings and most importantly that there is a mismatch between intended and actual beneficiaries of these provisions.

scholarly journals Prehospital management of exertional heat stroke at sports competitions: International Olympic Committee Adverse Weather Impact Expert Working Group for the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-103854
Author(s):  
Yuri Hosokawa ◽  
Sebastien Racinais ◽  
Takao Akama ◽  
David Zideman ◽  
Richard Budgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Working Group ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Exertional Heat Stroke ◽  
Weather Impact ◽  
Prehospital Management ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Expert Working Group

ObjectivesThis document aimed to summarise the key components of exertional heat stroke (EHS) prehospital management.MethodsMembers of the International Olympic Committee Adverse Weather Impact Expert Working Group for the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020 summarised the current best practice regarding the EHS prehospital management.ResultsSports competitions that are scheduled under high environmental heat stress or those that include events with high metabolic demands should implement and adopt policy and procedures for EHS prehospital management. The basic principles of EHS prehospital care are: early recognition, early diagnosis, rapid, on-site cooling and advanced clinical care. In order to achieve these principles, medical organisers must establish an area called the heat deck within or adjacent to the main medical tent that is optimised for EHS diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Once admitted to the heat deck, the rectal temperature of the athlete with suspected EHS is assessed to confirm an elevated core body temperature. After EHS is diagnosed, the athlete must be cooled on-site until the rectal temperature is below 39°C. While cooling the athlete, medical providers are recommended to conduct a blood analysis to rule out exercise-associated hyponatraemia or hypoglycaemia, provided that this can be safely performed without interrupting cooling. The athlete is transported to advanced care for a full medical evaluation only after the treatment has been provided on-site.ConclusionsA coordination of care among all medical stakeholders at the sports venue, during transport, and at the hospital is warranted to ensure effective management is provided to the EHS athlete.

If things go South: The renewed policy of sport mega events allocation and its implications for future research

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022098134
Author(s):  
Billy Graeff ◽  
Jorge Knijnik
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Global South ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global North ◽  
Analytical Tools

The past few decades have seen an increase of sport mega events (SMEs) held outside the Global North. This tendency has been accompanied by a growing public expenditure in these events. This paper employs selected Global South SMEs to discuss this trend. By critically analysing public documents, biddings and reports, the study traces comparisons between 21st-century Global South and Global North SMEs expenditures, in the revenue of franchise owners (FIFA and the International Olympic Committee), in construction costs within the budgets and in the costs related to security. This comprehensive and intertwined investigation shows the need for new analytical tools – such as the Renewed Policy of Sport Mega Events Allocation, a concept developed here - to better capture the central questions posed by the challenges of ‘SMEs going South’.

The Interconnected Histories of Endocrinology and Eligibility in Women’s Sport

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Rogol ◽  
Lindsay Parks Pieper
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
International Association ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Elite Sport ◽  
Women's Sport ◽  
Current Effort ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Differences Of Sex Development

This report illustrates the links between history, sport, endocrinology, and genetics to show the ways in which historical context is key to understanding the current conversations and controversies about who may compete in the female category in elite sport. The International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) introduced hyperandrogenemia regulations for women’s competitions in 2011, followed by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) for the 2012 Olympics. The policies concern female athletes who naturally produce higher-than-average levels of testosterone and want to compete in the women’s category. Hyperandrogenemia guidelines are the current effort in a long series of attempts to determine women’s eligibility scientifically. Scientific endeavors to control who may participate as a woman illustrate the impossibility of neatly classifying competitors by sex and discriminate against women with differences of sex development (also called intersex by some).

scholarly journals How much is too much? (Part 1) International Olympic Committee consensus statement on load in sport and risk of injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (17) ◽  
pp. 1030-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Soligard ◽  
Martin Schwellnus ◽  
Juan-Manuel Alonso ◽  
Roald Bahr ◽  
Ben Clarsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Athletes participating in elite sports are exposed to high training loads and increasingly saturated competition calendars. Emerging evidence indicates that poor load management is a major risk factor for injury. The International Olympic Committee convened an expert group to review the scientific evidence for the relationship of load (defined broadly to include rapid changes in training and competition load, competition calendar congestion, psychological load and travel) and health outcomes in sport. We summarise the results linking load to risk of injury in athletes, and provide athletes, coaches and support staff with practical guidelines to manage load in sport. This consensus statement includes guidelines for (1) prescription of training and competition load, as well as for (2) monitoring of training, competition and psychological load, athlete well-being and injury. In the process, we identified research priorities.

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