If things go South: The renewed policy of sport mega events allocation and its implications for future research

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022098134
Author(s):  
Billy Graeff ◽  
Jorge Knijnik
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Global South ◽  
International Olympic Committee ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Mega Events ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global North ◽  
Analytical Tools

The past few decades have seen an increase of sport mega events (SMEs) held outside the Global North. This tendency has been accompanied by a growing public expenditure in these events. This paper employs selected Global South SMEs to discuss this trend. By critically analysing public documents, biddings and reports, the study traces comparisons between 21st-century Global South and Global North SMEs expenditures, in the revenue of franchise owners (FIFA and the International Olympic Committee), in construction costs within the budgets and in the costs related to security. This comprehensive and intertwined investigation shows the need for new analytical tools – such as the Renewed Policy of Sport Mega Events Allocation, a concept developed here - to better capture the central questions posed by the challenges of ‘SMEs going South’.

International Cooperation Theory and International Institutions

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Dai ◽  
Duncan Snidal ◽  
Michael Sampson
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
21St Century ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Game Theoretic

The study of international cooperation has emerged and evolved over the past few decades as a cornerstone of international relations research. The strategy here for reviewing such a large literature is to focus primarily on the rational choice and game theoretic approaches that instigated it and have subsequently guided its advance. Without these theoretical efforts, the study of international cooperation could not have made nearly as much progress—and it certainly would not have taken the form it does in the 21st century. Through this lens, we can identify major themes in this literature and highlight key challenges for future research

Trends in Competition among Digital Platforms for Shared Mobility: Insights from a Worldwide Census and Prospects for Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110363
Author(s):  
Virginie Boutueil ◽  
Luc Nemett ◽  
Thomas Quillerier
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Global South ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Shared Mobility ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Global North ◽  
Mobile Ict

Mobility systems in metropolitan areas in both the Global North and the Global South have entered an era of rapid change since the early 2010s under the influence of mobile information and communication technologies (ICTs). Mobile ICT-based shared mobility platforms have been filling some of the gaps in transport supply left by historical modes of transport (i.e., private cars, public transit, and for-hire services). Shared mobility digital platforms are a subcategory of mobility applications that give individual customers direct and full access to one or several shared mobility services. Based on a worldwide systematic census, this paper documents the diversity of services provided by such platforms, then analyzes the trends in geographic distribution and competition among platforms across the world’s metropolises. It proposes a new classification of shared mobility services. Since innovations in shared mobility are also taking a leading place in the Global South, future research avenues in this field are discussed in an effort to break away from the prior focus of the scientific literature on the Global North. The census brings out four original findings. First, the rise of shared mobility digital platforms is a worldwide metropolitan phenomenon transcending the traditional distinction between the Global North and the Global South. Second, emerging countries have become clusters for innovation and competition among platforms. Third, three types of shared mobility digital platforms are identified based on geographic reach (local, regional, or global). Fourth, shared mobility digital platforms providing for-hire services are the most widespread in the world.

scholarly journals Lessons from 20 years of plant genome sequencing: an unprecedented resource in need of more diverse representation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose A Marks ◽  
Scott Hotaling ◽  
Paul B. Frandsen ◽  
Robert VanBuren
Keyword(s):  
Plant Genome ◽  
Plant Genomics ◽  
Focal Species ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global North ◽  
National Affiliation ◽  
Genome Assemblies ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Wide Geographic Distribution

The field of plant genomics has grown rapidly in the past 20 years, leading to dramatic increases in both the quantity and quality of publicly available genomic resources. With an ever-expanding wealth of genomic data from an increasingly diverse set of taxa, unprecedented potential exists to better understand the evolution and genome biology of plants. Here, we provide a contemporary view of plant genomics, including analyses on the quality of existing plant genome assemblies, the taxonomic distribution of sequenced species, and how national participation has influenced the fields development. We show that genome quality has increased dramatically in recent years, that substantial taxonomic gaps exist, and that the field has been dominated by affluent nations in the Global North, despite a wide geographic distribution of sequenced species. We identify multiple inconsistencies between the range of focal species and the national affiliation of the researchers studying the plants, which we argue are rooted in colonialism--both past and present. Falling sequencing costs paired with widening availability of analytical tools and an increasingly connected scientific community provide key opportunities to improve existing assemblies, fill sampling gaps, and, most importantly, empower a more global plant genomics community.

scholarly journals Engineering Education and Power: the Case of Innovation in the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 511-517
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Engineering Education ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Global South ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Innovative Climate ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Global North

Engineering education is the application of scientific, economic, social and practical knowledge to invent, create, design, build, maintain, research and improve structures machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. Engineering education is therefore an important component of innovation. The various innovations brought about by engineering education has delineated various countries along the lines of power and there is a dichotomy between them. Key among this is the separation between the Global North and the Global South. Innovation is a process and application of a new or meaningfully amended creation that needs long term commitment, resources and innovative climate in an organization. Findings from the study revealed that power dynamics is present in all situation and it takes different forms. It influences and shapes relationship. The study therefore recommends that there is a need to intensify efforts on engineering education in developing countries to create more innovations in the 21st century and effort should be geared towards the use and application of these innovations.

Global and Globalizing Cities from the Global South: Multiple Realities and Pathways to Form a New Order

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
Parsa Arbab
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Global South ◽  
Global City ◽  
New Order ◽  
Multiple Realities ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Contexts ◽  
Global North

Abstract The global city order has been changed and reconstructed during the past two decades by the rising of global or globalizing cities in developing and emerging economies in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. This transition has been dominated by the current global city label with reference to the prime and paradigmatic cases and hegemonic and monopolistic measures from the North. However, achieving a general set of uniform and convergent results is a barren probability, and has led to the underestimation of the local contexts, implications and probabilities. So, it will be challenging to explore the evidence of the globalization of cities in developing countries, and to explain the concepts and meanings of the global positions and functions for their vision and development. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on the neglected realities and pathways for reconceptualizing the global city theory by shift from the Global North to the Global South.

scholarly journals Human Rights: The Global South's Route to Climate Litigation

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
César Rodríguez-Garavito
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global South ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The North ◽  
Socioeconomic Rights ◽  
Global North ◽  
Human Rights Norms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

After twenty-five years of climate litigation dominated by cases in the United States, Australia, and other jurisdictions in the Global North, a second wave of lawsuits arose in the mid-2010s that prominently feature cases filed in countries of the Global South. I argue that the use of human rights norms and strategies characterizes the “Global South route” to climate litigation, one that is firmly rooted in the trajectory of human rights adjudication and litigation in key Southern countries over the last three decades. I posit that, in order to understand the present and the future of this route, it is essential to (1) track its origins and features to the trajectory of “Global South constitutionalism” over the last three decades, especially litigation around socioeconomic rights, and (2) unpack the category of “Global South” countries, in order to avoid overgeneralizations and to identify the types of countries that are likely to see most climate litigation and court decisions. I close by suggesting that, in light of the planetary and urgent nature of the climate challenge, future research and advocacy should explore transnational forms of litigation that cut across the North-South divide and pay systematic attention to the impact of climate litigation.

scholarly journals Theological Libraries and “The Next Christendom:” Connecting North American Theological Education to Uses of the Book in the Global South

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Weaver
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Theological Education ◽  
Global South ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global North ◽  
World Christianity

Survey of the past thirty years of librarian literature on the documentation of world Christianity indicates a number of trends in theological librarianship, including a relative inattention to the connection between the documentation of world Christianity in ATLA libraries, and the needs of theological researchers in North America. A trilogy of recent books by Philip Jenkins on the globalization of Christianity argues for the significance of the writings of the “global South” to reading habits in the “global North.” Based on the work of Jenkins and other scholars, this paper identifies ten specific connections between North American theological education and the documentation of world Christianity – connections that are rooted in the uses of the book in the global South. These are reasons for increased promotion and support of the documentation of world Christianity among ATLA libraries.

scholarly journals Race to the Bottom: Sino-US Trade War and Consequent Plastic Waste Mismanagement in the Global South

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Akansha Singh ◽  
Vivek Mukherjee ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global South ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
The Past ◽  
China Trade ◽  
Global Space ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Global North ◽  
Trade War

Globalization today can convincingly be said to have reached its pinnacle. However, with the world turning into a global space of homogeneity the stakes of survival have risen up too. The various forms of environmental degradation culminating into climate change have been accelerated due to globalization. This review discusses one such form of global environmental degradation that poses a serious threat to the health of citizens in the Global South. The phenomenon being talked about here is that of global waste dumping, a practice that has caught up roughly over the past four decades. The context that helps in illustrating the same is the United States–China trade war, narrowed down to the recent ban imposed by China and India on the import of plastic waste. As a reaction to excessive plastic waste dumping from Global South to Global North, 180 nations agreed in Geneva to add mixed plastic scrap to the Basel Convention. However, as will be shown in this review, the burden has only shifted to even poorer nations who willingly buy plastic waste from countries of Global North. The phenomenon of dumping plastic waste can be explained through the distinction between the developed and developing countries understood in the dualist taxonomy of Global North and Global South.

scholarly journals Introduction to Special issue: Brazilian Criminology in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 104398622110504
Author(s):  
Vania Ceccato
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Global South ◽  
Public Security ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Global North ◽  
Global Criminology

This article introduces the special issue “Brazilian Criminology in the 21st Century” that is composed of seven studies of contemporary security problems and related public security initiatives in Brazil. They are multidisciplinary contributions employing a large variety of methods, written by researchers based on Brazilian universities or research executed in cooperation with international colleagues. This is a unique and valuable reference source for researchers interested in Brazilian and Latin American security challenges as well as attempts to address them. By recognizing current barriers in knowledge production and sharing, the special issue calls for the creation of new opportunities for joint knowledge from the “criminologies” of the Global South and those from the Global North, befitting an inclusive global criminology worthy of the 21st century.

Dynamics of Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnn Danelo Barbour
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The past and the future influence the present, for decision makers are persuaded by historical patterns and styles of decision making based on social, political, and economic context, with an eye to planning, predicting, forecasting, in a sense, “futuring.” From the middle to the late 20th century, four models (rational-bureaucratic, participatory, political, and organized anarchy) embody ways of decision making that provide an historical grounding for decision makers in the first quarter of the 21st century. From the late 20th through the first two decades of the 21st century, decision makers have focused on ethical decision making, social justice, and decision making within communities. After the first two decades of the 21st century, decision making and its associative research is about holding tensions, crossing boundaries, and intersections. Decision makers will continually hold the tension between intuition and evidence as drivers of decisions. Promising research possibilities may include understanding metacognition and its role in decision making, between individual approaches to decision making and the group dynamic, stakeholders’ engagement in communicating and executing decisions, and studying the control of who has what information or who should have it. Furthermore, decision making most likely will continue to evolve towards an adaptive approach with an abundance of tools and techniques to improve both the praxis and the practice of decision making dynamics. Accordingly, trends in future research in decision making will span disciplines and emphases, encompassing transdisciplinary approaches wherein investigators work collaboratively to understand and possibly create new conceptual, theoretical, and methodological models or ways of thinking about and making decisions.

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