Physiochemical responses in coconut leaves infected by spiraling whitefly and the associated sooty mold formation

Abstract This experiment was conducted to evaluate various systemic insecticides applied as soil or transplant water treatments followed by foliar applications of Orthene for TA and TFB control on fluecured tobacco and to determine the impact of treatment on tobacco yield and price. The experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA. Eleven treatments and an untreated control were established in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 × 40 ft (1 row × 24 plants), were separated by single guard rows. Pretransplant soil treatments of most liquid formulations were applied broadcast with a CO2-pressurized tractor sprayer that delivered 30.4 gal/acre at 40 psi through 8003LP tips on 29 Apr (Ambient temperature, 85-89°F, soil temperature, 75°F; soil pH, 5.8; OM, 2%). Treatments were immediately incorporated by double disking. The Furadan and Temik treatments were applied during bed formation and immediately covered with 6 to 8 inches of soil on 17 May. Furadan 4F was diluted 50:50 in water and applied in a narrow stream (< 1-inch wide) in the row using a peristaltic pump. Temik was applied in a 14 inch band using a tractor mounted- Gandy granular applicator. The soil moisture was good for both the pretransplant soil and bedding treatments. ‘K-326’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 18 May. A measuring cup was used to apply transplant water (TPW) treatments of Orthene and Admire in 4 fl oz/plant (204 gal/acre) at the base of each plant in the treatment plots. Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations were followed for production of the crop. Foliar applications of Orthene and Dipel were applied on 6 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 30 gal/acre through 3 TX-12 tips at 60 psi. TA populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot about once a week from 5 to 11 wk after transplanting. On 25 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = no aphid damage or sooty mold and 10 = very severe necrosis of leaves and extensive sooty mold. TFB and TFB feeding holes in the most damaged leaf were counted on 10 plants/ plot. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighed, graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yield and price were calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by WD (K-ratio = 100). Aphid count data were transformed to Log10(x + 1) before analysis.

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The role of phenolic compounds in the defense of sooty mold of olive leaves (Olea europea L.)

African Journal of Microbiology Research ◽

10.5897/ajmr2014.7254 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (15) ◽

pp. 1075-1081

Author(s):

Ilias Faiza ◽

Bensehaila Sarra ◽

Medjdoub Kenza ◽

El Haci Imad ◽

Gaouar Benyelles Nassira

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Olive Leaves ◽

Sooty Mold ◽

Olea Europea

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Pear, Early Season Control of Pear Psylla and Pear Rust Mite, 1996

Arthropod Management Tests ◽

10.1093/amt/22.1.40 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 40-41

Author(s):

John C. Wise

Keyword(s):

Visual Inspection ◽

Early Season ◽

Sooty Mold ◽

Pear Psylla ◽

Stereo Microscope ◽

Leaf Harvest ◽

Research Complex

Abstract Mature ‘Bartlett’ trees at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Fennville, MI (Pear 1 Block) were sprayed at a rate of 100 gpa with an FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Trees were arranged in a CR design of single trees replicated 4 times. All materials were applied as indicated in the table on 4 Jun (IC) and 17 Jul (4C, PP Threshold of 0.3 nymphs per leaf). Streptomycin, Benlate, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Captan, and Funginex were applied to all treatments separately. Dates of PP and PRM evaluation were 19 Jun, 2 Jul, 15 Jul, and 8 Aug. At each evaluation, 50 leaves per replicate were picked, brushed in a mite-brushing machine and then examined under a stereo microscope for PRM adults. Twenty-five leaves per replicate were also evaluated under a stereomicroscope for PP nymphs and eggs. Mean data are reported as PRM adults per leaf, and PP nymphs or eggs per leaf. Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 27 Aug by picking 25 fruit randomly from the periphery of the tree from each replicate per treatment. They were examined for sooty mold from PP and PRM russetting. Sooty mold and russetting evaluations were based on visual inspection, with the scoring criteria listed in the table.

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Some "black mildew", "sooty mold", and "fly speck" fungi and their hyperparasites from Dominica

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b69-051 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 369-381 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marie L. Farr

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Combination ◽

Sooty Mold ◽

New Varieties ◽

Fungi Imperfecti ◽

Black Mildews

Forty-six fungi from Dominica, B.W.I., generally called "black mildews", "sooty molds", and "fly specks", and some of their hyperparasites, are listed, described, or discussed. The fungi belong in the families Meliolaceae, Atichiaceae, Microthyriaceae, Asterinaceae, Brefeldiellaceae, Micropeltaceae, Trichopeltaceae, Trichothyriaceae, Nectriaceae, and Dimeriaceae of the pyrenomycetes and in the families Sphaeropsidaceae, Peltasteraceae, Trichothallaceae, Dematiaceae, and Stilbellaceae of the Fungi Imperfecti. Meliola lobeliicola (Meliolaceae), Clypeolella palicoureae (Asterinaceae), Lembosia carludovicae (Asterinaceae), and Asterostomella diplocarpa (Peltasteraceae) are described as new species, and Meliola carludovicae var. setosa and Asterina melastomatis var. verrucospora as new varieties; Cicinnobella tropicale represents a new combination. A key to the three species of Clypeolella known on Rubiaceae is included.

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Influence of Endosulfan on Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) Populations, Parasitism, and Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus in Late-Summer Planted Cantaloupe

Journal of Entomological Science ◽

10.18474/0749-8004-30.1.49 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 49-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gregg S. Nuessly ◽

Thomas M. Perring

Keyword(s):

Population Dynamics ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Cucumis Melo ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Late Summer ◽

Mold Growth ◽

Sooty Mold ◽

Lettuce Infectious Yellows Virus ◽

Cucumis Melo L

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of endosulfan in reducing the incidence of lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV) in late-summer planted cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L., through reduction of sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), densities. Counts of B. tabaci adults and immatures and of a native parasitoid of B. tabaci, Eretmocerus sp. near californicus Howard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were lower in treated plots than those in untreated plots for the duration of the trial. Despite lower populations of B. tabaci, LIYV was not significantly different between treatments, reaching 48% in treated and 40% in untreated plots. B. tabaci emigrated out of treated plots which may have contributed to the spread of LIYV. Sooty mold growth on fruit contaminated with B. tabaci-produced honeydew was present on only 0.4% of the melons in treated plots, but on 29% of the melons in the untreated plots. B. tabaci population dynamics on cantaloupe is discussed with regard to control strategies and LIYV epidemiology.

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The effect of sunlight interception by sooty mold on chlorophyll content and photosynthesis in orange leaves (Citrus sinensis L.)

European Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/s10658-015-0709-5 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 559-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pedro Insausti ◽

Edmundo Leonardo Ploschuk ◽

Miriam Mercedes Izaguirre ◽

Mariano Podworny

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Sooty Mold

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