scholarly journals Paradox, Closure and Indirect Speech Reports

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Read
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Speech Reports

scholarly journals The advantage of story-telling: children's interpretation of reported speech in narratives

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-557
Author(s):  
FRANZISKA KÖDER ◽  
EMAR MAIER
Keyword(s):  
Information Transmission ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Transmission Setting ◽  
Referent Selection ◽  
Processing Effort ◽  
Dutch Children ◽  
Speech Reports

AbstractChildren struggle with the interpretation of pronouns in direct speech (Ann said, “I get a cookie”), but not in indirect speech (Ann said that she gets a cookie) (Köder & Maier, 2016). Yet children's books consistently favor direct over indirect speech (Baker & Freebody, 1989). To reconcile these seemingly contradictory findings, we hypothesize that the poor performance found by Köder and Maier (2016) is due to the information-transmission setting of that experiment, and that a narrative setting facilitates children's processing of direct speech. We tested 42 Dutch children (4;1–7;2) and 20 adults with a modified version of Köder and Maier's referent selection task, where participants interpret speech reports in an interactive story book. Results confirm our hypothesis: children are much better at interpreting pronouns in direct speech in such a narrative setting than they were in an information-transmission setting. This indicates that the pragmatic context of reports affects their processing effort.

scholarly journals Reported speech in Kakabe: Loose syntax with flexible indexicality

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Nikitina ◽  
Alexandra Vydrina
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Reported Speech ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
African Languages ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Speech Reports ◽  
Dimensions Of Variation ◽  
The Way

AbstractMainstream approaches to the typology of reported discourse have been based on the notion of a direct-indirect continuum: reported speech constructions are traditionally analyzed as conforming to or deviating from the “ideals” of European direct and indirect speech. This study argues that continuum-based approaches fail to distinguish between two dimensions of variation that are systematically discriminated in a number of African languages and should therefore be treated separately. First, different constructions can be recruited for speech reporting, ranging from paratactic to subordinate structures. Second, languages differ in the way pronouns in speech reports are interpreted. In European languages two different deictic strategies are associated with different syntactic types of speech report (‘indirect’ and ‘direct’ deixis is correlated with subordination and parataxis, respectively). In Kakabe, we argue, the choice of pronominal values is independent of the construction’s syntax. Dissociating the construction’s structural properties from the behavior of indexicals allows us to describe the Kakabe strategies of speech reporting as well as account for the seemingly puzzling behavior of reported commands. Our data shows that speech reporting strategies of Kakabe should be treated as a type in its own right: a type characterized by loose syntax and flexible pronominal indexicality.

scholarly journals What is Said and Indirect Speech Reports

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Joanna Odrowąż-Sypniewska
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Context Sensitivity ◽  
Privileged Access ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Controversial Aspect ◽  
Speech Reports ◽  
Broad Understanding

In their Insensitive Semantics (2005) Cappelen and Lepore argue for the Controversial Aspect (CA) which is a part of their Speech Act Pluralism and which says that speakers don’t have privileged access to what they say. Gross (2006) criticizes C&L’s argument for CA and urges them to abandon that claim. I argue that on C&L’s broad understanding of the notion of what is said, CA (and whole SAP) is trivial, whereas on a more restricted understanding CA is indeed controversial and plausibly false. Moreover, the broad reading of what is said is incompatible with one of C&L’s tests for context-sensitivity.

Embedded root phenomena and indirect speech reports

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
José María García Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Embedded Clauses ◽  
Speech Reports

Abstract This article analyzes the occurrence of performative root phenomena in complement clauses. I show that the clauses that host this kind of phenomena have the same distribution as direct speech complements. I argue that the correspondence is based on the fact that, due to their rich syntactic left periphery, these embedded clauses convey speech acts. This assumption receives further support by the grammatical behavior of what I argue are the two major classes of verbs subordinating direct speech and ERP-hosting embedded clauses: locutionary and illocutionary embedding verbs. I analyze illocutionary verbs as bearing an abstract illocutionary predicate selecting either a propositional or a speech-act type, and locutionary verbs as ordinary relational predicates selecting a speech-act type. Taken together, these elements allow for a straightforward syntax-semantics interface and explain the differentiated behavior of root phenomena in complements to locutionary and illocutionary verbs.

Vagueness, Indirect Speech Reports, and the World

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Gross ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Speech ◽  
The World ◽  
Speech Reports

The Language of Advertising: Graphic, Grammar and Pragmatic Aspects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Panteleev ◽  
Anastasija Inos
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Advertising Discourse ◽  
Adverbial Modifiers ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Modern Russian

This monograph deals with the problem of functioning peculiarities of graphic expressive means and grammar means in the language of modern Russian advertising. This research work treats the advertising discourse as a composite indirect speech act. Active use of adverbial modifiers of manner — deverbatives, elliptical and indefinite personal one-member sentences is characteristic of modern advertising texts. A most distinguishing feature of a modern advertising text is a mixture of Cyrillic and Latin fonts that contributes to the manifestation of an expressive potential of the application. The monograph is aimed at students of Philology, students major in Management and Marketing, masters, postgraduates, staff of higher educational establishments and all those who are interested in the Russian language.

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