Embedded root phenomena and indirect speech reports

Linguistics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
José María García Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Left Periphery ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Complement Clauses ◽  
Embedded Clauses ◽  
Speech Reports

Abstract This article analyzes the occurrence of performative root phenomena in complement clauses. I show that the clauses that host this kind of phenomena have the same distribution as direct speech complements. I argue that the correspondence is based on the fact that, due to their rich syntactic left periphery, these embedded clauses convey speech acts. This assumption receives further support by the grammatical behavior of what I argue are the two major classes of verbs subordinating direct speech and ERP-hosting embedded clauses: locutionary and illocutionary embedding verbs. I analyze illocutionary verbs as bearing an abstract illocutionary predicate selecting either a propositional or a speech-act type, and locutionary verbs as ordinary relational predicates selecting a speech-act type. Taken together, these elements allow for a straightforward syntax-semantics interface and explain the differentiated behavior of root phenomena in complements to locutionary and illocutionary verbs.

scholarly journals PRINSIP KESANTUNAN BERDASARKAN MAKSIM LEECH DALAM KUMPULAN NASKAH DRAMA GENG TOILET KARYA SOSIAWAN LEAK DAN RELEVANSINYA SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR TEKS DRAMA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Vinsca Sabrina Claudia ◽  
Ani Rakhmawati ◽  
Budi Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<em>The research aims to explain and describe (1) speech acts in the dialogue collection of  drama text Geng Toilet; (2) the principle of politeness in the dialogue collection of drama text Geng Toilet; (3) the relevance collection of drama text Geng Toilet as a teaching material for drama text in High School. The method use in this research is descriptive qualitative. The result of the research indicates the result of the research indicates the speech act in the collection of the drama text Geng Toilet based on speech that contains action include locution,illocution, and perlocution. While, speech acts based on the sentence mode include direct speech acts and indirect speech acts.Next, the principle of politeness in the dialogue collection of drama text Geng Toilet includes maxim of agreement or consent, maxim of generosity, maxim acceptance or praise or appreciation, maxim of humility or simplicity, and maxim of sympathy. the collection of drama text Geng Toilet can be  used  as a teaching materials for drama text in High School.</em>

scholarly journals Speech Act Analysis of Madurese Wedding Ceremony in Kalidandan Village, Pakuniran, Probolinggo

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Anwari Anwari
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Wedding Ceremony ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Analysis ◽  
Perlocutionary Act

Pragmatics is the study of those relations between language and context that are grammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of language. This study aims to describe kinds of speech acts especially locutionary act, illocutionary act, and the perlocutionary act of Madurese wedding ceremony in Kalidandan village, Pakuniran district, Probolinggo regency. The results of this study showed that the illocutionary act of the Madurese wedding ceremony in Kalidandan village, Pakuniran district, Probolinggo regency has various kinds of speech act, 1) direct speech act; 2) indirect speech act; 3) literal speech act; 4) non-literal speech act; 5) direct literal speech act; 6) indirect literal speech act; 7) direct non-literal speech act, and 8) indirect non-literal speech act.Keywords: Speech act, Kinds of speech act, and Madurese

THE ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACT IN “BARBIE AS RAPUNZEL” MOVIE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 388
Author(s):  
Siti Hunsawati ◽  
Rohmana Rohamana ◽  
Siam Siam
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

This thesis is about the analysis of speech act in Barbie as Rapunzel movie. The research questions of this thesis were (1) what are the direct and indirect speech acts used by the main character in Barbie as Rapunzel movie? And (2) What are the perlocutionary acts of the main character’s utterances in Barbie as Rapunzel movie?. The objectives of this research were (1) To decribe the direct and indirect speech acts used by the main character in Barbie as Rapunzel  movie  and  (2)  To  describe  the perlocutionary acts   of   the   main   character’s   utterances   in   Barbie  as Rapunzel movie. This research used a qualitative method to describe and analyze  the  utterance.  The  technique  of  data  collection were (1) The researcher download Barbie as Rapunzel movie on youtube. (2) The researcher watched the movie of Barbie as Rapunzel  repetedly. (3) Reading and checking dialogue which related with research from the movie script “Barbie as Rapunzel” movie. (4) The researcher classified the dirrect, indirect speech, and perlocutionary acts. The technique   of   data   analysis   were  (1)   The   researcher identified the direct, indirect speech act and perlocutionary acts from Barbie as Rapunzel movie. (2) Described and analized the utterances which include direct, indirect, and perlocutionary acts. (3) Concluding the data analysis. The result of this thesis show that direct speech acts is the dominant types of speech acts. Where, there are 58 direct speech acts, 2 indirect speech acts, and 41 perlocutionary acts. Keywords: Speech Act, Movie

scholarly journals An Analysis of Speech Acts in Merry Riana : Mimpi Sejuta Dollar Movie

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Rosi Sumaniari ◽  
Dewa Putu Ramendra ◽  
Gede Mahendrayana
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Analysis

People rarely know the function of the language used in the film. This study analyzes speech acts in a dialogue film entitled Merry Riana: Dreams of a Million Dollars. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. Data were analyzed from the form of speech acts consisting of direct and indirect speech acts in the form of declarative, imperative, and interrogative. The type of speech act analysis uses Searle's theory of representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declaration. The result of this research is that direct speech act in interrogative form is 43.63%. Direct speech acts in the declarative form are 95 (43.18%), direct speech acts in the imperative form are 24 (10.90%), indirect speech acts in the imperative form are 2 (0.9%), indirect speech acts in imperative form as much as 2 (0.9%). interrogative form is 2 (0.9%), and indirect speech act in declarative form is 1 (0.45%). Furthermore, 74 utterances are analyzed into five types of speech acts. The most dominant representative used 36 (48.6%). Then followed by directive 21 (28.3%), expressive 14 (18.9%), commissive 3 (4.0%), and declarative 0 (0.0%). This research implies that understanding speech acts plays an important role in communication.

scholarly journals SPEECH ACTS BY KARNI ILYAS IN INDONESIA LAWYERS CLUB (ILC) ‘KPK VS NOVANTO: BERPACU DENGAN WAKTU

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresia Fransiska Sidabutar ◽  
Zainuddin - ◽  
Busmin - Gurning
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Perlocutionary Act ◽  
The Way ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This research deals with the using of speech acts in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC): KPK vs Novanto: Berpacu dengan Waktu. The objectives of this research were: (1) to investigate the types of speech acts used by Karni Ilyas in ILC “KPK vs Novanto: Berpacu dengan Waktu”, (2) to describe the way of performing speech acts realized by Karni Ilyas, and (3) to explain the reasons why those types of speech acts are realized by Karni Ilyas. The research applied descriptive qualitative method. The source of data in this research was taken from Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) “KPK vs Novanto: Berpacu dengan Waktu” video. The instrument used for collecting the data was the observation by recorded the utterances of Karni from seven parts of videos. The data were clauses contained of Speech Acts used by Karni. The findings of this study showed that: 1) There were three types of speech acts, namely locutionary act, illocutinary act and perlocutionary act that utilized by Karni Ilyas in his utterances when discussion with all the guests in Indonesia Lawyers Club (ILC) “KPK vs Novanto: Berpacu dengan Waktu”. The dominant types of speech act was illocutionary act and the dominant classification was directive. 2) There were two ways in performing speech act used by Karni, namely direct and indirect speech. Direct speech was more dominant than indirect speech. 3) There were four reasons why Karni using speech act, namely to actuate, to entertain, to stimulate, and to inform. The dominant was to actuate. Keywords: Speech Acts, Karni Ilyas, Indonesia Lawyers Club

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH ACTS PERFORMED BY MAIN CHARACTER IN THE MOVIE REVENANT SCRIPT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Fyngky Oktadistio ◽  
Mazrul Aziz ◽  
Zahrida .
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Movie Script ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

This Research Entitled “An Analysis Of Direct And Indirect Speech Acts Performed By Main Character In The Movie Revenant Script”. This research was a descriptive analysis that discusses direct and indirect speech acts in movie script entitled ‘The Revenant.’ In analyzing the script, there was used theory by Yule (1996).The data in this research based on main characters’ utterances. The purpose of this analysis was to find out the types, and functions of speech act whether it is direct speech act or indirect speech act in the movie script entitled ‘The Revenant.’ From the analysis, it was found that both direct speech acts and indirect speech acts are used by main characters in this movie. The most dominant type of speech act used in the movie script was direct speech act (13 utterances) and then followed by indirect speech act (9 utterances). The direct speech act was classified again into declarative type (2 utterances) imperative type (5 utterances) and interrogative type (6 utterances). Indirect speech acts were also classified again into declarative type (8 utterances) and Interrogative (1 utterance). For the functions, direct speech acts are classified into the statement (2 utterances), order/request (5 utterances), and the last function of the question (6 utterances). Indirect speech act also classified into question (9 utterances), and no functions of statement and order. Based on the result, the researcher found that Felicity Conditions and genre were the factors affected main characters in producing direct speech acts more than indirect speech acts.

scholarly journals Speech Acts of Pangeuyeuks in Ngeuyeuk Seureuh Ceremony

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Euis Kurniasih
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Illocutionary Acts ◽  
Illocutionary Act ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Distributional Method ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

Pangeuyeuks as the guide in Ngeuyeuk Seureuh ceremony has an important role to explain the marriage values through symbols to prospective bride and groom. This article describes speech acts used by pangeuyeuks in Ngeuyeuk Seureuh ceremony. Descriptive qualitative and distributional method was applied in doing the analysis of data. The speech acts were analyzed by the theory of illocutionary act to find the function of speech act, syntactic types of sentences to find the form of speech acts, and relationship between the function and form of speech acts to find the directness and indirectness of speech acts. The result shows that the illocutionary acts of pangeuyeuks classified into four types: assertives, directives, commissives and expressives, while the sytanctic types of sentences consist of declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamatory. The direct speech acts are embodied in assertives, directives, commissives and expressives, wheareas the indirect speech acts are embodied in directive speech acts. The embodiment of the speech acts used by pangeuyeuks reflects special norms of interaction based on Sundanese local genius.

scholarly journals Basic Strategies for Indirect Reduced Apology in English

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
E. B. Skvortsova ◽  
A. I. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
English Language ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
First Time

Attention is paid to the methods of implementing direct and indirect speech acts of apology. It is shown that the use of an indirect speech act of apology along with a direct speech act of apology is typical of the English language. It is noted that the tendency toward the use of stable expressions observed in the English language allows us to analyze the implementation of the indirect speech act of apology with the help of linguistic corps by requesting clichéd expressions used instead of standard speech apology formulas. The description of the methods of formation of indirect speech acts is given. The conditions necessary for the implementation of these speech acts are indicated. The authors dwell on a detailed study of such a method of forming an indirect speech act of apology as reduction, since this method is the main one for an indirect apology. An overview of the main strategies for reduced apology in the English language is given. The analysis of the implementation of these strategies, which can be used individually or combined with each other depending on the context, is performed. The novelty of the study is that for the first time a detailed description of the realizations of the reduced speech act of apology based on the material of linguistic corps is given.

scholarly journals Women’s Speech In A State of Anger: A Neuropragmatic Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Rahmadani Sabrian
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Emotional Prosody ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Women's Speech ◽  
Woman Character ◽  
Temporal Accent ◽  
Indirect Speech Act

This research aims to describe and to translate the emotional prosody patterns through Praat program and also to describe types of speech acts used by female characters in an emotional state in the film ‘7 Hati 7 Cinta 7 Wanita’. Emotional prosody of speech is analyzed by using the Praat program, which is then classified into types of particular speech acts. The emotional prosody patterns can be seen in the melodic accent and the temporal accent. In the melodic accent, speech that uses declarative and interrogative mode makes the tone flow increased, and the speech that uses imperative mode makes the tone flow decreased. In the temporal accent, the speeches with the longest and the shortest anger emotions are the ones that use declarative mode. Next, the woman character is known to use four types of speech act when getting angry, which are; literal direct speech act, non-literal direct speech act, literal indirect speech act, non-literal indirect speech act.

scholarly journals Indirect Speech Acts in the Speech of the Characters of the Tale of Bygone Years

Slovene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-255
Author(s):  
Victor S. Savelyev
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Verbal Response ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Indirect Speech ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Indirect Speech Acts ◽  
Indirect Speech Act ◽  
The Given ◽  
Modern Russian

The article states that communication in Old Russian as well as in modern Russian discourse is characterized by the use of mono-functional and poly-functional indirect speech acts. Moreover, the important aspect that helps to specify the illocutive functions of indirect speech acts in Old Russian is their verifiability: the verbal or non-verbal response of the interlocutor as well as the frame constructions, which introduce direct speech (preposition). These constructions are also used in the middle of the utterance (interposition) or at the end of the utterance (postposition). The author of the chronicles observes the communicative purposes of both the speaker and the interlocutor, indicating that the given utterance should be regarded as an indirect speech act. By analyzing the use of mono-functional indirect speech acts in the original dialogue fragments of the Tale of Bygone Years, the author works out their typology. The groups of interrogative and non-interrogative indirect speech acts have been singled out, each of them having certain typical characteristics. The semantics of non-interrogative utterances in most cases is connected with the expression of indirect meanings of time and aspect of verbal forms. The use of interrogative utterances as indirect speech acts is mostly connected with the changes not only in the illocutive function, but also in the propositional meaning of the predicative unit: interrogative utterances with negations should be interpreted as affirmative non-interrogative utterances and vice versa. The author comes to the conclusion that the use of modern mono-functional indirect speech acts is traditional, since it is identical to their functioning in Old Russian.

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