Rehabilitation and Management of Pseudophakic Amblyopia in Cases of Unilateral Congenital Cataract by Active Vision Therapy

Arun Verma; Daljit Singh

doi:10.1007/s12009-007-9002-3

Stimuli Characteristics and Psychophysical Requirements for Visual Training in Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9123985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 3985

Author(s):

Carlos J. Hernández-Rodríguez ◽

David P. Piñero ◽

Ainhoa Molina-Martín ◽

León Morales-Quezada ◽

Dolores de Fez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceptual Learning ◽

Therapeutic Process ◽

Active Vision ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Psychophysical Method ◽

Visual Training ◽

Visual Deficits ◽

Effective Option ◽

Visual Acuity Loss ◽

Vision Therapy

Active vision therapy using perceptual learning and/or dichoptic or binocular environments has shown its potential effectiveness in amblyopia, but some doubts remain about the type of stimuli and the mode and sequence of presentation that should be used. A search was performed in PubMed, obtaining 143 articles with information related to the stimuli used in amblyopia rehabilitation, as well as to the neural mechanisms implied in such therapeutic process. Visual deficits in amblyopia and their neural mechanisms associated are revised, including visual acuity loss, contrast sensitivity reduction and stereopsis impairment. Likewise, the most appropriate stimuli according to the literature that should be used for an efficient rehabilitation of the amblyopic eye are described in detail, including optotypes, Gabor’s patches, random-dot stimuli and Vernier’s stimuli. Finally, the properties of these stimuli that can be modified during the visual training are discussed, as well as the psychophysical method of their presentation and the type of environment used (perceptual learning, dichoptic stimulation or virtual reality). Vision therapy using all these revised concepts can be an effective option for treating amblyopia or accelerating the treatment period when combining with patching. It is essential to adapt the stimuli to the patient’s individual features in both monocular and binocular training.

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Active vision therapy for pseudophakic amblyopia

Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery ◽

10.1016/s0886-3350(97)80086-7 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1089-1094 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Arun Verma ◽

Daljit Singh

Keyword(s):

Active Vision ◽

Vision Therapy

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Management of Anisometropic Amblyopia: A Case Report and Brief Review

Vision Development & Rehabilitation ◽

10.31707/vdr2019.5.2.p100 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 100-112

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Vision Loss ◽

Contact Lenses ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Active Vision ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽

Soft Contact Lenses ◽

Occlusion Therapy ◽

Vision Therapy

Background Unilateral functional amblyopia due to anisometropia is a common cause of vision loss in children. There has been a significant amount of research recently to determine the most effective management strategies for such cases, and it is important for clinicians to determine how to apply these findings clinically. Case Report A 6-year-old female presented for her first comprehensive eye exam after failing a school vision screening. She was diagnosed with significant anisometropia with anisometropic amblyopia in her left eye. She was treated with spectacle correction initially, and was eventuallyfit with soft contact lenses to achieve optimal vision and binocularity. Part-time occlusion therapy was also initiated, which was modified throughout the treatment period based on clinical findings. She was also treated with 19 sessions of office-based vision therapy in order to maximize the success of amblyopia treatment. At the completion of the treatment, this patient showed significant improvement in her visual acuity and other non-acuity factors, including contrast sensitivity and binocularity. Conclusions The successful treatment of this patient with anisometropic amblyopia was achieved by the combination of active vision therapy with evidence-based management strategies, consisting of optical correction and occlusion therapy

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Visual Acuity Improvement in Adult Anisometropic Amblyopes After Active Vision Therapy

Clinical Optometry ◽

10.2147/opto.s250813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Volume 12 ◽

pp. 183-187

Author(s):

Leila Sharbatoghli ◽

Hassan Hashemi ◽

Alireza Mohamadi ◽

Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur ◽

Abbasali Yekta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Active Vision ◽

Vision Therapy

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Active Vision Therapy for Anisometropic Amblyopia in Children: A Systematic Review

Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1155/2020/4282316 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos J. Hernández-Rodríguez ◽

David P. Piñero

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Active Vision ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Randomized Control Trials ◽

Double Blind ◽

Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽

Randomized Control ◽

Vision Therapy

Purpose. The aim of the study was evaluation of the scientific evidence about the efficacy of vision therapy in children and teenagers with anisometropic amblyopia by performing a systematic literature review. Methods. A search was performed using 3 searching strategies in 4 different databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PruQuest). The quality of the included articles was evaluated using two tools for the risk of bias assessment, ROBINS-I for nonrandomized studies of intervention (NRSI), and ROB 2.0 for randomized clinical trials. Results. The search showed 1274 references, but only 8 of them passed the inclusion criteria after the complete text review. The articles that were finally included comprised 2 randomized control trials and 6 nonrandomized studies of intervention. These articles provided evidence supporting the efficacy of vision therapy for the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in children and teenagers. Assessment of the risk of bias showed an appropriate risk of bias for the randomized control trials, but a high risk of bias for nonrandomized studies of intervention (NRSI). A main source of risk of bias for NRSI was the domain related to the measurements of the outcomes, due to a lack of double-blind studies. Conclusion. Vision therapy is a promising option for the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in children and teenagers. However, the level of scientific evidence provided by the studies revised is still limited, and further randomized clinical trials are necessary to confirm the results provided to date and to optimize the vision therapy techniques by knowing the specific neural mechanisms involved.

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