scholarly journals Stimuli Characteristics and Psychophysical Requirements for Visual Training in Amblyopia: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 3985
Author(s):  
Carlos J. Hernández-Rodríguez ◽  
David P. Piñero ◽  
Ainhoa Molina-Martín ◽  
León Morales-Quezada ◽  
Dolores de Fez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Active Vision ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Psychophysical Method ◽  
Visual Training ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Effective Option ◽  
Visual Acuity Loss ◽  
Vision Therapy

Active vision therapy using perceptual learning and/or dichoptic or binocular environments has shown its potential effectiveness in amblyopia, but some doubts remain about the type of stimuli and the mode and sequence of presentation that should be used. A search was performed in PubMed, obtaining 143 articles with information related to the stimuli used in amblyopia rehabilitation, as well as to the neural mechanisms implied in such therapeutic process. Visual deficits in amblyopia and their neural mechanisms associated are revised, including visual acuity loss, contrast sensitivity reduction and stereopsis impairment. Likewise, the most appropriate stimuli according to the literature that should be used for an efficient rehabilitation of the amblyopic eye are described in detail, including optotypes, Gabor’s patches, random-dot stimuli and Vernier’s stimuli. Finally, the properties of these stimuli that can be modified during the visual training are discussed, as well as the psychophysical method of their presentation and the type of environment used (perceptual learning, dichoptic stimulation or virtual reality). Vision therapy using all these revised concepts can be an effective option for treating amblyopia or accelerating the treatment period when combining with patching. It is essential to adapt the stimuli to the patient’s individual features in both monocular and binocular training.

Optometric Vision Therapy for Visual Deficits and Dysfunctions: A Suggested Model for Evidence-Based Practice

2015 ◽  
pp. 290-339
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Central Processing ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Functional Vision ◽  
Vision Therapy

Evidence from neural science supports a neuroplasticity thesis where the development and rehabilitation of functional neural pathways can be facilitated by management of biological factors, central processing and environmental interactions. Healthy eyes and clear sight are not themselves sufficient for efficient functional vision. How a person uses vision determines their operational skill. Efficient functional vision requires dynamic interactions between and within visual receptive and reflexive biology, acquired neural networks that serve basic visual inspection processes and visuo-cognitive operational patterns driving top down visual – spatial analysis and problem solving. This presentation is a review and discussion of evidence-based practice (EBP) principles that we utilise in clinical neuro-developmental and rehabilitative optometric vision therapy (OVT) for selected visual deficits and dysfunctions. OVT services, like other collaborative therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy, speech therapy and occupational therapy, must progressively adapt to new knowledge and advancing technology through EBP. Clinical services directed at treatable neuro-developmental and acquired dynamic functional vision problems require the application of an emerging set of principles resulting from systematic logic and EBP related to the art and science of case analysis, practice management and OVT delivery.

scholarly journals Neural Mechanisms of Human Perceptual Learning: Electrophysiological Evidence for a Two-Stage Process

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e19221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Hamamé ◽  
Diego Cosmelli ◽  
Rodrigo Henriquez ◽  
Francisco Aboitiz
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Electrophysiological Evidence ◽  
Stage Process

scholarly journals Which Comes First in Sports Vision Training: The Software or the Hardware Update? Utility of Electrophysiological Measures in Monitoring Specialized Visual Training in Youth Athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Poltavski ◽  
David Biberdorf ◽  
Carolina Praus Poltavski
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Visual Training ◽  
Visuomotor Integration ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Sports Vision ◽  
Vision Therapy

In the present study we combined popular methods of sports vision training (SVT) with traditional oculomotor protocols of Optometric Vision Therapy (OVT) and electrophysiological indexes of EEG and VEP activity to monitor training progress and changes in performance of youth ice hockey players without the history of concussion. We hypothesized that administration of OVT protocols before SVT training may result in larger performance improvements compared to the reverse order due to the initial strengthening of visual hardware capable of handling greater demands during training of visuomotor integration and information processing skills (visual software). In a cross-over design 53 youth ice hockey players (ages 13–18) were randomly assigned to one of the two training groups. Group one (hardware-software group) completed 5 weeks of oculomotor training first followed by 5 weeks of software training. For group 2 (software-hardware) the order of procedures were reversed. After 10 weeks of training both groups significantly improved their performance on all but one measure of the Nike/Senaptec Sensory station measures. Additionally, the software-hardware training order resulted in significantly lower frontal theta-to-gamma amplitude ratios on the Nike/Senaptec test of Near-Far Quickness as well as in faster P100 latencies. Both training orders also resulted in significant decreases in post-treatment P100 amplitude to transient VEP stimuli as well as decreased theta-gamma ratios for perception span, Go/No-Go and Hand Reaction time. The observed changes in the electrophysiological indexes in the present study are thought to reflect greater efficiency in visual information processing and cognitive resource allocation following 10 weeks of visual training. There is also some evidence of the greater effectiveness of the software-hardware training order possibly due to the improved preparedness of the oculomotor system in the youth athletes for administration of targeted protocols of the Optometric Vision Therapy.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Visual Training in an Adult Patient with Anisometropic Amblyopia: Visual and Functional Magnetic Resonance Outcomes

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Juraj Halicka ◽  
Michal Bittsansky ◽  
Stefan Sivak ◽  
David P. Piñero ◽  
Peter Ziak
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Visual Training ◽  
Anisometropic Amblyopia ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
One Year ◽  
Vision Therapy

A case of an adult with anisometropic amblyopia who underwent a successful vision therapy program playing videogames in a virtual reality environment is described, reporting changes in conventional visual clinical data, as well as in brain activity. The patient was a 22 year old man on baseline examination that never previously wore correction for his anisometropia. After prescribing contact lens correction for the anisometropia and after 44 h of virtual reality-based vision therapy over a period of 1.5 years, the best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) in the amblyopic eye improved from 0.05 to 0.5 (Sloan chart). One year after finishing the visual training, the BCDVA experienced a slight decrease to 0.4 (Sloan chart). Through the visual training, the patient gradually developed stereopsis. Likewise, changes were also detected after visual therapy on functional magnetic resonance imaging while the patient was viewing 2D and 3D stimuli. The preliminary results of this case show the potential of using virtual reality-based visual training as a treatment for adult amblyopia.

Active vision therapy for pseudophakic amblyopia

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1089-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Verma ◽  
Daljit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Active Vision ◽  
Vision Therapy

scholarly journals Neural mechanisms of motion perceptual learning

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1126-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chen ◽  
T. Bi ◽  
Z. Liu ◽  
F. Fang
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Neural Mechanisms

Changes in Visual Parameters in an Adult Amblyope With Vision Therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Multiple Modalities ◽  
Vision Therapy ◽  
Motor Perception ◽  
Dichoptic Training

Amblyopia is a common neurodevelopmental visual disorder that results in reduced contrast, motor perception, and excessive crowding along with impaired visual acuity. Literature suggested this disorder can be treated with the help of behavioral treatment methods, including anti-suppression dichoptic training, perceptual learning, and video gaming brain stimulation with a recovery ranging from 40 - 60 days. Here we have presented a case where multiple modalities of vision therapy (VT) were used resulting in a prompt and stable response of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and stereopsis.

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