Intratemporal Facial Nerve Anatomy and its Variations in 30 Cases of Cadaveric Temporal Bones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishita ◽  
Sanjeev Bhagat ◽  
Rajan Kumar Singla ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Vishav Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Nerve Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Bones

scholarly journals Anomalies of the facial nerve: a surgeon’s nightmare

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1202
Author(s):  
James Thomas ◽  
Girija Ghate ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Anomaly ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Palsy ◽  
Facial Deformity ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Nerve Monitoring ◽  
Fallopian Canal ◽  
Anatomical Abnormality ◽  
Facial Nerve Anatomy ◽  
Temporal Bones

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Most of the anomalies of the facial nerve have been encountered during otological surgery or dissection of the temporal bones. ENT surgeons are taught from a nascent stage to always be wary of an anomalous facial nerve during otological surgery. Today’s surgeon is assisted with high definition imaging and nerve monitoring; yet iatrogenic facial palsy still is encountered even today.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted in a select population of patients who reported with aural symptoms with an aim to see the number of facial nerve anomalies one encounters during aural surgery. The filter applied was no patient with congenital anomaly was considered and patients with squamous COM were also excluded.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Almost 4.5% of the patients subjected to surgery had varying kinds of facial nerve anomaly, the most common being dehiscence of the fallopian canal.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Facial nerve anomalies are not so uncommon as one expects it to be. So it is mandatory that every ENT surgeon should be well versed with facial nerve anatomy and be wary of any structural anatomical abnormality, and irrespective of the experience it pays to be extra cautious when operating on the ear because in the event of damage to the facial nerve the patient has to carry the stigma of a facial deformity for his/her life.</p>

Otopathologic Abnormalities in CHARGE Syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982110089
Author(s):  
Rafael da Costa Monsanto ◽  
Renata Malimpensa Knoll ◽  
Norma de Oliveira Penido ◽  
Grace Song ◽  
Felipe Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Spiral Ganglion ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Charge Syndrome ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
Ganglion Neurons ◽  
Temporal Bones

Objective To perform an otopathologic analysis of temporal bones (TBs) with CHARGE syndrome. Study Design Otopathologic study of human TB specimens. Setting Otopathology laboratories. Methods From the otopathology laboratories at the University of Minnesota and Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, we selected TBs from donors with CHARGE syndrome. These TBs were serially sectioned at a thickness of 20 µm, and every 10th section was stained with hematoxylin and eosin. We performed otopathologic analyses of the external ear, middle ear (middle ear cleft, mucosal lining, ossicles, mastoid, and facial nerve), and inner ear (cochlea, vestibule, internal auditory canal, and cochlear and vestibular nerves). The gathered data were statistically analyzed. Results Our study included 12 TBs from 6 donors. We found a high prevalence of abnormalities affecting the ears. The most frequent findings were stapes malformation (100%), aberrant course of the facial nerve (100%) with narrow facial recess (50%), sclerotic and hypodeveloped mastoids (50%), cochlear (100%) and vestibular (83.3%) hypoplasia with aplasia of the semicircular canals, hypoplasia and aplasia of the cochlear (66.6%) and vestibular (91.6%) nerves, and narrowing of the bony canal of the cochlear nerve (66.6%). The number of spiral ganglion and Scarpa’s ganglion neurons were decreased in all specimens (versus normative data). Conclusions In our study, CHARGE syndrome was associated with multiple TB abnormalities that may severely affect audiovestibular function and rehabilitation.

Persistence of the Stapedial Artery: A Histopathologic Study

1985 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell Marion ◽  
Raúl Hinojosa ◽  
Anwar A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
The Third ◽  
Histopathologic Study ◽  
Stapedial Artery ◽  
Developmental Theories ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
Meningeal Artery

Persistence of the stapedial artery is a rare event. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported since the discovery of this artery in 1836. We carried out a histopathologic study on three temporal bones from two patients who had this anomaly, and were able to trace the full course of the artery. In two specimens a large stapedial artery persisted and substituted for the middle meningeal artery. In the third, a small, persistent stapedial artery ended in the arterial plexus surrounding the facial nerve. Persistence is discussed in terms of embryogenesis, developmental theories, histologic findings, and clinical significance. The material suggests that the stapedial artery can persist to varying degrees

Anatomical Characteristics of Facial Nerve and Cochlea Interaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Schart-Morén ◽  
Sune Larsson ◽  
Helge Rask-Andersen ◽  
Hao Li
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Semicircular Canal ◽  
Otic Capsule ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Superior Semicircular Canal Dehiscence ◽  
Topographic Anatomy ◽  
3D Rendering ◽  
Superior Semicircular Canal ◽  
Archival Collection ◽  
Temporal Bones

Objective: The aim was to study the relationship between the labyrinthine portion (LP) of the facial canal and the cochlea in human inner ear molds and temporal bones using micro-CT and 3D rendering. A reduced cochlea-facial distance may spread electric currents from the cochlear implant to the LP and cause facial nerve stimulation. Influencing factors may be the topographic anatomy and otic capsule properties. Methods: An archival collection of human temporal bones underwent micro-CT and 3D reconstruction. In addition, cochlea-facial distance was assessed in silicone and polyester resin molds, and the association between the LP and upper basal turn of the cochlea was analyzed. Results: Local thinning of the otic capsule and local anatomy may explain the development of cochlea-facial dehiscence, which was found in 1.4%. A reduced cochlea-facial distance was noted in 1 bone with a superior semicircular canal dehiscence but not in bones with superior semicircular canal “blue line.” The otic capsule often impinged upon the LP and caused narrowing. Conclusion: Micro-CT with 3D rendering offers new possibilities to study the topographic anatomy of the human temporal bone. The varied shape of the cross-section of the LP could often be explained by an “intruding” cochlea.

scholarly journals Bilateral temporal bone fractures: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Kiran Natarajan ◽  
Koka Madhav ◽  
A. V. Saraswathi ◽  
Mohan Kameswaran
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Bones

<p>Bilateral temporal bone fractures are rare; accounting for 9% to 20% of cases of temporal bone fractures. Clinical manifestations include hearing loss, facial paralysis, CSF otorhinorrhea and dizziness. This is a case report of a patient who presented with bilateral temporal bone fractures. This is a report of a 23-yr-old male who sustained bilateral temporal bone fractures and presented 18 days later with complaints of watery discharge from left ear and nose, bilateral profound hearing loss and facial weakness on the right side. Pure tone audiometry revealed bilateral profound sensori-neural hearing loss. CT temporal bones &amp; MRI scans of brain were done to assess the extent of injuries. The patient underwent left CSF otorrhea repair, as the CSF leak was active and not responding to conservative management. One week later, the patient underwent right facial nerve decompression. The patient could not afford a cochlear implant (CI) in the right ear at the same sitting, however, implantation was advised as soon as possible because of the risk of cochlear ossification. The transcochlear approach was used to seal the CSF leak from the oval and round windows on the left side. The facial nerve was decompressed on the right side. The House-Brackmann grade improved from Grade V to grade III at last follow-up. Patients with bilateral temporal bone fractures require prompt assessment and management to decrease the risk of complications such as meningitis, permanent facial paralysis or hearing loss. </p>

scholarly journals The depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid bone

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 666
Author(s):  
B. Y. Praveen Kumar ◽  
K. T. Chandrashekhar ◽  
M. K. Veena Pani ◽  
Sunil K. C. ◽  
Anand Kumar S. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Canal Wall ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
Cortical Mastoidectomy ◽  
Canal Wall Down ◽  
Canal Wall Down Mastoidectomy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal Bones

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The hallmark of the temporal bone is variation. Various important structures like the facial nerve run in the temporal bone at various depths which can be injured during mastoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Twenty wet cadaveric temporal bones were dissected. A cortical mastoidectomy was performed followed by a canal wall down mastoidectomy and the depth of the vertical segment of the facial nerve in the mastoid was determined.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean depth of the second genu was 13.82 mm. The mean depth of the stylomastoid foramen was 12.75 mm and the mean distance from the annulus at 6’0 clock to the stylomastoid foramen was 10.22 mm.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is significant variation in the average depth of the facial nerve in the mastoid. </p>

Early Management of Facial Nerve Paralysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. P153-P153
Author(s):  
Samuel H. Selesnick ◽  
Jed Kwartler
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Facial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Educational Objectives ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Facial Nerve Injury ◽  
Facial Nerve Anatomy

Educational objectives: To understand facial nerve anatomy and likely sites of pathology and to develop a management plan for acute facial nerve injury.

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