Industrial Wage Inequality in Latin America in Global Perspective, 1900–2000

AbstractScandal, corruption, exploitation and abuse of power have been linked to the history of modern empire-building. Colonial territories often became promised lands where individuals sought to make quick fortunes, sometimes in collaboration with the local population but more often at the expense of them. On some occasions, these shady dealings resulted in scandals that reached back to the metropolis, questioning civilising discourses in parliaments and the press, and leading to reforms in colonial administrations. This book is a first attempt to discuss the topic of corruption, empire and colonialism in a systematic manner and from a global comparative perspective. It does so through a set of original studies that examines the multi-layered nature of corruption in four different empires (Great Britain, Spain, the Netherlands and France) and their possessions in Asia, the Caribbean, Latin America and Africa.

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The tension between global GHG emissions of animal source foods, sustainability, and food security in Latin America and the Caribbean.

CAB Reviews Perspectives in Agriculture Veterinary Science Nutrition and Natural Resources ◽

10.1079/pavsnnr202116057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (057) ◽

Author(s):

Constanza Gutiérrez-Gómez

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Food Security ◽

Rural Communities ◽

Production Systems ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Small Scale ◽

Livestock Sector ◽

The Caribbean

Abstract The livestock sector faces an important challenge in the medium and long term since it must satisfy an increasing demand for animal products as a result of the increase in population and the world economy but safeguarding natural resources and at the same time minimizing the environmental contamination, especially the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributed to livestock husbandry. For Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), this becomes more relevant given the importance of the sector for the food security of rural communities, particularly for small-scale producers. In this manuscript, we address the main challenges of LAC in this context, from a global perspective that includes the demographic, economic, cultural, and environmental effects. The biggest global challenge for the LAC livestock sector for the coming decades is how to satisfy the growing human demand for animal protein in a sustainable way maintaining the food security of their communities. The efforts to achieve these goals require focusing on improving the efficiency of both animal husbandry and production systems. Therefore, it is necessary to implement technologies of sustainable intensification and it is urgent that those who make political decisions become aware of these issues.

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Inter-industry wage inequality: persistent differences and turbulent equalisation

Cambridge Journal of Economics ◽

10.1093/cje/bez064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 919-942

Author(s):

Patrick Mokre ◽

Miriam Rehm

Keyword(s):

Economic Theory ◽

Bayesian Inference ◽

Wage Inequality ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Wage Differentials ◽

Wage Determination ◽

Inference Model ◽

Hierarchical Bayesian Inference ◽

Industrial Wage ◽

Profit Rates

Abstract The empirical stylised fact of persistent inter-industry wage differentials is an enduring challenge to economic theory. This paper applies the classical theory of ‘real competition’ to the turbulent dynamics of these inter-industrial wage differentials. Theoretically, we argue that competitive wage determination can be decomposed into equalising, dispersing and turbulently equalising factors. Empirically, we show graphically and econometrically for 31 US industries in 1987–2016 that wage differentials, like regulating profit rates, are governed by turbulent equalisation. Furthermore, we apply a fixed-effects OLS as well as a hierarchical Bayesian inference model and find that the link between regulating profit rates and wage differentials is positive, significant and robust.

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Chinese Scientific Socialism in Global Perspective: Geopolitical Implications for Latin America and the United States

Journal of Emerging Knowledge on Emerging Markets ◽

10.7885/1946-651x.1002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robert A. DeVillar

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Latin America ◽

The United States ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Scientific Socialism

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Surgeon Management of Osteoporosis in Instrumented Spine Surgery: AOSpine Latin America Survey

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1177/2192568218785369 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 169-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel Pantoja ◽

Marcelo Molina

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

Latin American ◽

Spine Surgery ◽

Intraoperative Complications ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Survey Study ◽

Multiple Choice Questions ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Instrumented Spine Surgery ◽

The Impact

Study Design: Survey study. Objective: To determine the impact of osteoporosis (OP) in instrumented spine surgery among Latin American spine surgeons. Methods: An electronic survey on aspects of instrumented spine surgery and OP was sent electronically to all members of AOSpine Latin America (AOSLA): 16 multiple-choice questions included incidence and type of complications experienced, strategies to avoid intraoperative complications, on prevention of complications and OP assessment and treatment prior to surgery. Results: A total of 349 spine surgeons from a universe of 377 surgeons (230 orthopedic surgeons and 147 neurosurgeons), associated members of AOSLA answered the survey. About 80% recalled complications directly related to OP and 71% had revised instrumentation because of OP-related complications. Techniques for prevention of intraoperative complications varied; 65% extended instrumentation to additional segments, 63% performed vertebral body cement injection alone or associated with instrumentation. Preoperative screening was used by 19% but increased to 75% if patients had risk factors. A limit value of bone mineral density for delaying surgery was not established for 66.4% of respondents. Consultation for OP management was requested by 81%, mostly to endocrinology (56.3%). Interestingly, 19% personally managed their patient's OP. Conclusion: This study provides a global perspective on how Latin American spine surgeons manage patients with OP undergoing instrumented spine surgery. Most have faced complications associated with OP and have had to resolve them surgically. Spine surgeons frequently participate partially in managing patients with OP. Most refer patients with OP for treatment to the endocrinology.

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