Estimated societal costs of a hierarchical measures approach to enhanced school transportation safety at bus stops on roads with high speed limits

Three field studies of driver speeds were conducted to test the speed adaptation phenomenon and to define the practical implications of its effect. Sites were selected in which the speeds of vehicles previously exposed to high-speed conditions could be contrasted with speeds of vehicles not previously exposed to high speeds. The following conclusions were drawn from the results of this study: Conditions specific to a traffic site, such as legal speed limits, traffic density, and cross-street activity, determine the extent of speed adaptation. Speed perpetuation does not account for observed speed differences between speed-adapted and non-speed-adapted vehicles. The effects observed in the present study were significant but lower than in previous studies, possibly because of overall lower vehicle speeds. These findings indicate that proposals to increase speeds on rural interstates are likely to result in higher speeds on other, connecting roads as well.

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Research on the Influence of Train Speed Change on the EMI of Pantograph-Catenary Arc to Main Navigation Stations

Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society ◽

10.47037/2020.aces.j.360411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 450-457

Author(s):

Yutao Tang ◽

Feng Zhu ◽

Yingying Chen

Keyword(s):

Power Supply ◽

Electromagnetic Interference ◽

High Speed ◽

Electric Field Intensity ◽

High Speed Train ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Speed Limits ◽

Train Speed ◽

Speed Change ◽

Neutral Section

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) of the pantograph-catenary arc (PCA) to the main navigation stations will be affected when the speed of the high-speed train is changed. In order to study the influence of the speed change, we measured and analyzed the electric field intensity of the PCA generated at common and neutral section of power supply line at different train speeds. The frequency range in this study is the frequency of the main navigation stations (108 ~ 336 MHz). Both theoretical and experimental results show that PCA radiation increases with the increase of train speed. Besides, we calculated the maximum train speed without interfering the navigation signal. This work is useful for estimating EMI of the PCA at different train speeds and mitigating the interference to the navigation station near the highspeed railway by proposing corresponding speed limits.

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Control and operation of tilting train services

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit ◽

10.1243/0954409981530698 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 212 (1) ◽

pp. 73-84 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F Schmid

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

High Speed ◽

Speed Limits ◽

High Speed Railway ◽

Journey Time ◽

Railway Systems ◽

Train Services ◽

Technical Issues ◽

Tilting Train ◽

Railway Operation

Discussions on the best way forward to achieve reductions in journey time without the investment normally associated with the construction of new high-speed railways tend to concentrate on the technical issues to be resolved rather than on the very significant operational, legal and human issues that affect the economies of any high-speed railway operation. Many engineers and operators associated with long-established railway systems (1-4) view the introduction of tilting trains as the best way forward in situations where speed limits are imposed by track built with the objective of minimizing expenditure on civil works. Although there are instances where the introduction of tilting trains has yielded the benefits sought, there are many situations where the environment of the railway business effectively excludes this option. The author of the present paper has attempted to review the tilt debate from an operations angle, stimulated by some comments by Meyer (5), and focuses on developments in Great Britain.

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NCHRP Report 350 Testing of W-Beam Slotted-Rail Terminal

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1599-03 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 1599 (1) ◽

pp. 22-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

King K. Mak ◽

Hayes E. Ross ◽

Roger P. Bligh ◽

Wanda L. Menges

Keyword(s):

High Speed ◽

Safety Performance ◽

The Other ◽

Federal Aid ◽

Speed Limits ◽

Crash Testing ◽

National Highway ◽

Level 3 ◽

Test Level ◽

Highway System

Two slotted-rail terminal (SRT) designs, one for use on roadways with speed limits of 72.4 km/hr (45 mi/hr) or less and the other for high-speed facilities, were previously developed and successfully crash-tested in accordance with guidelines set forth in NCHRP Report 230. Those SRT designs have been approved by FHWA for use on federal-aid projects. However, FHWA has since adopted NCHRP Report 350 as the official guidelines for safety performance evaluation of roadside features and required that all roadside features to be used on the National Highway System be crash-tested in accordance with the NCHRP Report 350 guidelines by 1998. It is therefore necessary to modify and retest the SRT designs in accordance with NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. The modified SRT design has successfully met the guidelines set forth in NCHRP Report 350 for Test Level 3 conditions, that is, 100-km/hr (62.2 mi/hr) and the results of the crash testing. The modified SRT design has been approved by FHWA for use on the national highway system.

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