An overview of 10-year observation of the South China Sea branch of the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow at the Karimata Strait

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zexun Wei ◽  
Shujiang Li ◽  
R. Dwi Susanto ◽  
Yonggang Wang ◽  
Bin Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Karimata Strait

TSUNAMI HAZARD AND CASUALTY ESTIMATION IN A COASTAL AREA THAT NEIGHBORS THE INDIAN OCEAN AND SOUTH CHINA SEA

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250010 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANAWAT SUPPASRI ◽  
FUMIHIKO IMAMURA ◽  
SHUNICHI KOSHIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Coastal Population ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Hazard Level

In the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea, many hundreds of thousands of lives have been lost due to tsunami events, and almost half of the lives lost occurred following the 2004 Indian Ocean event. Potential tsunami case scenarios have been simulated in these regions by a number of researchers to calculate the hazard level. The hazard level is based on a variety of conditions, such as the tsunami height, the inundation area, and the arrival time. However, the current assessments of the hazard levels do not focus on the tsunami risk to a coastal population. This study proposes a new method to quantify the risk to the coastal population in the region that includes the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea. The method is simple and combines the use of readily available tsunami data, far-field tsunami simulation models to determine the regional risk and global population data. An earthquake-generated tsunami was simulated, following an earthquake that had a magnitude larger than 8.5 Mw and occurred along a potential subduction zone. The 2004 Indian Ocean event seemed to be a "worst case scenario"; however, it has been estimated that a potential tsunami, occurring in a coastal region with a high population density, could cause significantly greater casualties.

scholarly journals Molecular and spatial distributions of dicarboxylic acids, oxocarboxylic acids, and <i>α</i>-dicarbonyls in marine aerosols from the South China Sea to the eastern Indian Ocean

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 6841-6860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Wanyu Zhao ◽  
Lianfang Wei ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Photochemical Oxidation ◽  
Eastern Indian Ocean ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Mass Ratios

Abstract. Marine aerosol samples collected from the South China Sea (SCS) to the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) during a cruise from 10 March to 26 April 2015 were studied for diacids and related compounds. In view of air mass backward trajectories, source regions, and geographical features, the cruise area was categorized into the South China Sea (SCS), the eastern Indian Ocean off the coast of western Indonesia (EIO-WI), the EIO off the coast of Sri Lanka (EIO-SL), Malacca, and the Sri Lanka docking point (SLDP). Total concentrations of diacids, oxoacids, and α-dicarbonyls were high at the SLDP, followed by the SCS and Malacca, and they were the low in the EIO-WI. In this study, oxalic acid (C2) was the dominant diacid during the cruise, followed by malonic acid (C3) in the SCS, EIO-WI, EIO-SL, and Malacca, and succinic acid (C4) was relatively more abundant than C3 diacid at the SLDP. Except for SLDP, C3∕C4 mass ratios were always greater than 1, and no significant difference was observed during the cruise. The C2∕C4 and C2∕total diacid ratios also showed similar trends. The average mass ratios of adipic acid (C6) to azelaic acid (C9) were less than unity except for in the EIO-WI; the mass ratios of phthalic acid (Ph) to azelaic acid (C9) were less than 2 except for in the SCS. The concentrations of diacids were higher when the air masses originated from terrestrial regions than when they originated from remote oceanic regions. Based on the molecular distributions of organic acids, the mass ratios, and the linear correlations of selected compounds in each area, we found that the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) released from the ocean surface and subsequent in situ photochemical oxidation was the main contributor to diacids, oxocarboxylic acids, and α-dicarbonyls from the SCS to the EIO. In addition, the continental outflow, which is enriched in anthropogenic VOCs and their aged products, influenced the organic aerosol loading, particularly over the SCS. Emissions from Sri Lanka terrestrial vegetation as well as fossil fuel combustion and subsequent photochemical oxidation also played a prominent role in controlling the organic aerosol loading and the molecular distribution of diacids and related compounds at the SLDP.

scholarly journals The Changing Influences of ENSO and the Pacific Meridional Mode on Mesoscale Eddies in the South China Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Tuo ◽  
Jin-Yi Yu ◽  
Jianyu Hu
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Wind Stress ◽  
South China ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
The South ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
China Sea ◽  
The Pacific

This study finds that the correlation between El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the activity of mesoscale oceanic eddies in the South China Sea (SCS) changed around 2004. The mesoscale eddy number determined from satellite altimetry observations using a geometry of the velocity vector method was significantly and negatively correlated with the Niño-3.4 index before 2004, but the correlation weakened and became insignificant afterward. Further analyses reveal that the ENSO–eddy relation is controlled by two major wind stress forcing mechanisms: one directly related to ENSO and the other indirectly related to ENSO through its subtropical precursor—the Pacific meridional modes (PMMs). Both mechanisms induce wind stress curl variations over the SCS that link ENSO to SCS eddy activities. While the direct ENSO mechanism always induces a negative ENSO–eddy correlation through the Walker circulation, the indirect mechanism is dominated by the northern PMM (nPMM), resulting in a negative ENSO–eddy correlation before 2004, and by the southern PMM (sPMM) after 2004, resulting in a positive ENSO–eddy correlation. As a result, the direct and indirect mechanisms enhance each other to produce a significant ENSO–eddy relation before 2004, but they cancel each other out, resulting in a weak ENSO–eddy relation afterward. The relative strengths of the northern and southern PMMs are the key to determining the ENSO–eddy relation and may be related to a phase change of the interdecadal Pacific oscillation.

scholarly journals Statistical estimations of atmospheric duct over the South China Sea and the tropical eastern Indian Ocean

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (23) ◽  
pp. 2794-2797 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoFeng Zhao ◽  
DongXiao Wang ◽  
SiXun Huang ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
Ju Chen
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Eastern Indian Ocean ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Duct ◽  
Statistical Estimations

scholarly journals Atmospheric microplastic over the South China Sea and East Indian Ocean: abundance, distribution and source

2020 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 121846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Wang ◽  
Changjun Li ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
Lixin Zhu ◽  
Zhangyu Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
East Indian ◽  
East Indian Ocean
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