Leaf Litter and Invertebrate Colonization: the Role of Macroconsumers in a Subtropical Wetland (Corrientes, Argentina)

Wetlands ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia S. G. Poi ◽  
María E. Galassi ◽  
Romina P. Carnevali ◽  
Luciana I. Gallardo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Subtropical Wetland ◽  
Invertebrate Colonization

Natural variation in immersion and emersion affects breakdown and invertebrate colonization of leaf litter in a temporary river

2011 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Corti ◽  
T. Datry ◽  
L. Drummond ◽  
S. T. Larned
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Temporary River ◽  
Invertebrate Colonization

scholarly journals Coexistence of surface and cave amphipods in an ecotone environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Luštrik ◽  
Martin Turjak ◽  
Simona Kralj-Fišer ◽  
Cene Fišer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Predation Effects ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Subterranean Species

Interspecific interactions between surface and subterranean species may be a key determinant for species distributions. Until now, the existence of competition (including predation) between these groups has not been tested. To assess the coexistence and potential role of interspecific interactions between surface Gammarus fossarum and subterranean Niphargus timavi, and to determine their micro distributions, we conducted a series of field and laboratory observations. We aimed to determine: (1) species substrate preference, (2) whether the presence of G. fossarum influences the habitat choice of N. timavi, and (3) possible predation effects on micro habitat choice of small juveniles. Throughout a small river in SW Slovenia, N. timavi was predominantly found in leaf litter and gravel, but rarely in sand. In the sand however, we exclusively found juveniles. In contrast, surface G. fossarum sheltered mainly in leaf litter. A similar, body size dependent, micro distribution was observed in G. fossarum, where small individuals were generally found in gravel and sand. The presence of G. fossarum affected the micro distribution of juvenile, but not adult, N. timavi. In the laboratory we observed predation and cannibalism in both species. Niphargus timavi, however, appeared to be a more efficient predator than G. fossarum. In particular, juvenile N. timavi were most vulnerable to preying by adults of both species. This probably affected the distribution of juvenile N. timavi that chose finer substrates when placed with adult individuals in an aquarium with granules of different size. To understand the distribution of subterranean species, the summed effect of intraspecific interactions, as well as surface – subterranean species interactions, in particular between individuals of different size, should be taken into account.

Role of Leaf Litter on the Incorporation of Copper-Containing Pesticides into Soils Under Fruit Production: a Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 990-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tomás Schoffer ◽  
Sébastien Sauvé ◽  
Alexander Neaman ◽  
Rosanna Ginocchio
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Fruit Production

Role of phyllosphere fungi of forest trees in the development of decomposer fungal communities and decomposition processes of leaf litter

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 701-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Osono
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Phyllosphere Fungi

The ecology of endophytic and epiphytic phyllosphere fungi of forest trees is reviewed with special emphasis on the development of decomposer fungal communities and decomposition processes of leaf litter. A total of 41 genera of phyllosphere fungi have been reported to occur on leaf litter of tree species in 19 genera. The relative proportion of phyllosphere fungi in decomposer fungal communities ranges from 2% to 100%. Phyllosphere fungi generally disappear in the early stages of decomposition, although a few species persist until the late stages. Phyllosphere fungi have the ability to utilize various organic compounds as carbon sources, and the marked decomposing ability is associated with ligninolytic activity. The role of phyllosphere fungi in the decomposition of soluble components during the early stages is relatively small in spite of their frequent occurrence. Recently, the roles of phyllosphere fungi in the decomposition of structural components have been documented with reference to lignin and cellulose decomposition, nutrient dynamics, and accumulation and decomposition of soil organic matter. It is clear from this review that several of the common phyllosphere fungi of forest trees are primarily saprobic, being specifically adapted to colonize and utilize dead host tissue, and that some phyllosphere fungi with marked abilities to decompose litter components play important roles in decomposition of structural components, nutrient dynamics, and soil organic matter accumulation.Key words: carbon cycle, community, endophyte, epiphyte, succession.

scholarly journals Survival, Dispersal, and Potential Soil-Mediated Suppression of Phytophthora ramorum in a California Redwood-Tanoak Forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Fichtner ◽  
S. C. Lynch ◽  
D. M. Rizzo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Pathogen Suppression ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Leaf Disks

Because the role of soil inoculum of Phytophthora ramorum in the sudden oak death disease cycle is not well understood, this work addresses survival, chlamydospore production, pathogen suppression, and splash dispersal of the pathogen in infested forest soils. Colonized rhododendron and bay laurel leaf disks were placed in mesh sachets before transfer to the field in January 2005 and 2006. Sachets were placed under tanoak, bay laurel, and redwood at three vertical locations: leaf litter surface, litter–soil interface, and below the soil surface. Sachets were retrieved after 4, 8, 20, and 49 weeks. Pathogen survival was higher in rhododendron leaf tissue than in bay tissue, with >80% survival observed in rhododendron tissue after 49 weeks in the field. Chlamydospore production was determined by clearing infected tissue in KOH. Moist redwood-associated soils suppressed chlamydospore production. Rain events splashed inoculum as high as 30 cm from the soil surface, inciting aerial infection of bay laurel and tanoak. Leaf litter may provide an incomplete barrier to splash dispersal. This 2-year study illustrates annual P. ramorum survival in soil and the suppressive nature of redwood-associated soils to chlamydospore production. Infested soil may serve as primary inoculum for foliar infections by splash dispersal during rain events.

scholarly journals Isotopic signatures reveal zinc cycling in the natural habitat of hyperaccumulator Dichapetalum gelonioides subspecies from Malaysian Borneo

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony van der Ent ◽  
Philip Nti Nkrumah ◽  
Mark G. M. Aarts ◽  
Alan J. M. Baker ◽  
Fien Degryse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Parent Rock ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Malaysian Borneo ◽  
Zn Isotopes

Abstract Background Some subspecies of Dichapetalum gelonioides are the only tropical woody zinc (Zn)-hyperaccumulator plants described so far and the first Zn hyperaccumulators identified to occur exclusively on non-Zn enriched 'normal' soils. The aim of this study was to investigate Zn cycling in the parent rock-soil-plant interface in the native habitats of hyperaccumulating Dichapetalum gelonioides subspecies (subsp. pilosum and subsp. sumatranum). We measured the Zn isotope ratios (δ66Zn) of Dichapetalum plant material, and associated soil and parent rock materials collected from Sabah (Malaysian Borneo). Results We found enrichment in heavy Zn isotopes in the topsoil (δ66Zn 0.13 ‰) relative to deep soil (δ66Zn -0.15 ‰) and bedrock (δ66Zn -0.90 ‰). This finding suggests that both weathering and organic matter influenced the Zn isotope pattern in the soil-plant system, with leaf litter cycling contributing significantly to enriched heavier Zn in topsoil. Within the plant, the roots were enriched in heavy Zn isotopes (δ66Zn ~ 0.60 ‰) compared to mature leaves (δ66Zn ~ 0.30 ‰), which suggests highly expressed membrane transporters in these Dichapetalum subspecies preferentially transporting lighter Zn isotopes during root-to-shoot translocation. The shoots, mature leaves and phloem tissues were enriched in heavy Zn isotopes (δ66Zn 0.34–0.70 ‰) relative to young leaves (δ66Zn 0.25 ‰). Thisindicates that phloem sources are enriched in heavy Zn isotopes relative to phloem sinks, likely because of apoplastic retention and compartmentalization in the Dichapetalum subspecies. Conclusions The findings of this study reveal Zn cycling in the rock-soil-plant continuum within the natural habitat of Zn hyperaccumulating subspecies of Dichapetalum gelonioides from Malaysian Borneo. This study broadens our understanding of the role of a tropical woody Zn hyperaccumulator plant in local Zn cycling, and highlights the important role of leaf litter recycling in the topsoil Zn budget. Within the plant, phloem plays key role in Zn accumulation and redistribution during growth and development. This study provides an improved understanding of the fate and behaviour of Zn in hyperaccumulator soil-plant systems, and these insights may be applied in the biofortification of crops with Zn.

scholarly journals The Role of Quantitative Traits of Leaf Litter on Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling of the Forest Ecosystems

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahabubur Rahman ◽  
Jiro Tsukamoto ◽  
Yuji Tokumoto ◽  
Md. Ashikur Rahman Shuvo
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Forest Ecosystems

The role of seagrass leaf litter in the SGD-derived nutrient fluxes in Cala Pudent (Menorca, western Mediterranean)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rodriguez-Puig ◽  
Irene Alorda-Montiel ◽  
Marc Diego-Feliu ◽  
Aaron Alorda-Kleinglass ◽  
Valentí Rodellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Radioactive Tracers ◽  
Radium Isotopes ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
Ecological Implications

<div> <p>The assessment of the biogeochemical cycles in coastal environments often relies on riverine inputs as the main source of nutrients and other dissolved compounds from land to the ocean. However, the discharge of groundwater through continental margins, commonly known as Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD), is also recognized as relevant sources of nutrients to the coastal ocean, particularly in oligotrophic and semi-arid environments, such as the Mediterranean Sea. In this study, we use radioactive tracers (radium isotopes and radon) to i) quantify the magnitude of SGD-driven nutrient fluxes to a Mediterranean cove (Cala Pudent, Menorca, Balearic Islands) and ii) characterize the nutrient transformations occurring in the beach before groundwater discharges to the sea. Cala Pudent is a limestone coastal cove with a restricted connection to the open sea. In this system, groundwater from a permanent spring infiltrates through an organic substrate dominated by thick deposits of seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) leaf litter and flows into the sea. This substrate, together with the dynamic groundwater-seawater mixing, are chiefly influencing the nutrient enrichment and transformation occurring in the beach and thus modulating the SGD-derived nutrient input to the sea. The ecological implications of these inputs are also assessed, particularly for the Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa meadows located near the study site.  </p> </div><div> <p> </p> </div>

scholarly journals The trophic role of a forest salamander: impacts on invertebrates, leaf litter retention, and the humification process

Ecosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. art16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Best ◽  
Hartwell H. Welsh, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Trophic Role
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