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Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Krzymińska ◽  
Barbara Frąszczak ◽  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Zuzanna Magdziak ◽  
Tomasz Kleiber

The main focus of the study was to determine the content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and organic acids in the flowers of Tagetes patula ‘Petite Gold’ and ‘Petite Orange’. The growth of the plants was assessed depending on the cultivation conditions. The above plants were illuminated with white light, whereas the ‘Petite Gold’ ones with white light enhanced with blue or red light. Both cultivars grew in a two-level-mineral compounds organic substrate. The research showed that the French marigold flowers were rich in phenolic compounds and organic acids. The ‘Petite Gold’ flowers had more bioactive compounds compared with the ‘Petite Orange’ flowers. Three flavonoids, 10 phenolic acids and seven organic acids were found in the ‘Petite Gold’ flowers. The artificial lighting used during the cultivation of the plants showed diversified influence on the content of organic compounds in their flowers. The measurements of the plants’ morphological traits and the number of inflorescences showed that illumination with red light resulted in a better effect. Large plants with numerous inflorescences grew in the substrate with a lower content of nutrients.


2022 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Syahrizal Syahrizal ◽  
Ediwarman ◽  
Safratilofa ◽  
Muhamat Ridwan

Maggots is an organism derived from the eggs of the black fly, Hermentia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF), which undergoes metamorphosis in the second phase after the egg phase and before the pupa phase which then turns into an adult fly. The purpose of this study was to analyze the utilization of organic waste substrate on the production of BSF maggots cultivation. This research was conducted outdoor at the Freshwater Aquaculture Fisheries Center (BPBAT) Sungai Gelam Jambi with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications; Treatment A: PKM (palm kernel meal) 100%, B (PKM 50% + cabbage vegetable waste 50%), C (PKM 50% + coconut pulp 50%) and D (PKM 50% + coconut pulp 25% + vegetable waste cabbage 25%). The average yield parameter of high maggots biomass in treatment A was 673.67 g/4 kg substrate and the lowest biomass in treatment D was 239.67 g/4 kg substrate. For the average weight and length of the best maggots in treatment A (0.20 g/individual) and (1.83 cm), the lowest was in B (0.12 g/Ind. and 1.58 cm). The highest was in treatment B (5,182.31 individual/4 kg substrate) and the lowest was in D (1,479.44 ind./4 kg substrate. The highest bioconversion value of maggots to organic matter OSE (organic substrate efficiency) was highest in treatment A (16, 84%) and the lowest was in D (5.99%). Technically, treatment A was slightly better than B, while economically the best organic substrate medium for maggots cultivation was in treatment B with a production cost of Rp. 7.257 and the ECR (economic conversion ratio) value of 5.81 was lower than the other 3 treatments.   Keywords: Maggots, black soldier fly, Hermentia illucens, organic waste.   ABSTRAK   Maggots merupakan organisme yang berasal dari telur seranga lalat hitam, Hermentia illucens (black soldier fly, BSF). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis pemanfaatan subtrat limbah organik terhadap produksi budidaya maggots BSF. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Balai Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar (BPBAT) Sungai Gelam, Jambi dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 4 perlakuan 3 ulangan yaitu perlakuan A : PKM (palm kernel meal) 100%, B (PKM 50% + limbah sayur kol 50%), C (PKM 50% + ampas kelapa 50%), dan D (PKM 50% + ampas kelapa 25%+ limbah sayur kol 25%).Rata-rata biomassa tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuanA (673,67g/4 kg subtrat) dan biomassa terendah dihasilkan pada perlakuan D (239.67g/4 kg subtrat). Untuk bobot rata-rata dan panjang maggots terbaik dihasilkan pada perlakuan A (0,20 g/individu dan 1,83 cm/individu), terendah pada B (0,12 g/individu dan (1,58 cm). Jumlah populasi maggots yang terbanyak dihasilkan pada perlakuan B (5.182,31 ind./4 kg subtrat) dan terendah pada D (1.479,44 individu/4 kg subtrat). Nilai biokonversi maggots terhadap bahan organik OSEterbaik (organic substrate efficiency) tertinggi pada perlakuan A (16,84%) dan terendah pada D (5,99%). Secara teknis perlakuan A sedikit lebih baik dari B sedangkan secara ekonomi media subtrat organik terbaik untuk budidaya maggots terdapat pada perlakuan B dengan biaya produksi sebesar Rp. 7.257 dan nilai ECR (economic convertion ratio) sebesar 5.81 lebih rendah dari ke 3 perlakuan lainnya.   Kata kunci: Maggots, black soldier fly, Hermentia illucens, limbah organik.


2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Nabea M. Mahdi ◽  
◽  
Ahmed H. Ali ◽  

: In this work, Single chamber Microbial fuel cells (SCMFCs) are a versatile technology is depends on the interaction mechanisms of bacteria, to produce bioelectricity simultaneously and treat Congo red (CR) dye from aqueous solution at different pH (6.5-8). Electricity generation from the biodegradable organic substrate (sucrose) accompanied by decolorization of azo dye was investigated in the batch test results showed that more than 99% decolorization demonstrated at UV-Visible Spectrophotometer (500 nm) was achieved within 20 days and maximum output voltage (889 mv) had been obtained in an open circuit at a pH value of 7.5. Microbial community analysis showed that species in live sludge and the impact of bacteria grown on removal and voltage.


2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Olga BEZUGLOVA ◽  
Andrey KOMAROV ◽  
Alexey KOMAROV

2022 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 104169
Author(s):  
Éder Rodrigues Batista ◽  
Aline de Jesus Franco ◽  
Ana Paula Valadares da Silva ◽  
Jessyca Adriana Gomes Florêncio da Silva ◽  
Davi Santos Tavares ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Tareq W. M. Amen ◽  
Meng Sun ◽  
Mitsuharu Terashima ◽  
Hidenari Yasui

Halophytes are unique in that they can thrive in a wide range of soil conditions, from normal to extremely saline. This has recently prompted researchers to consider using halophytes as a phytoremediation end-product as a source for biogas generation. Therefore, applying the anaerobic digestion process for halophytes may have the potential advantage in terms of efficient land utilization, soil remediation, and biogas production. Based on this, the anaerobic digestion efficiency of high saline biomass was investigated in continuous laboratory-scale anaerobic reactors at two different sludge residence times (SRT) of 40 and 80 days. Under mesophilic atmosphere, two reactors were operated, one reactor used organic substrate with 30 g-Na+.L-1 originating from sodium chloride whereas the other was operated with the presence of sodium bicarbonate and sodium sulfate. The salt-tolerant microorganism was gradually developed and the salt concentrations were selected based on the elemental analyses results of 30 species of wild halophyte plants taken from the saline-affected area of the Aral Sea in Uzbekistan during the early phase of the operation. For 40 and 80 days of SRT, respectively, 65.56 percent and 60.42 percent of the feed COD were converted into methane gas by the chloride system. However, only about 60% of the feed COD was converted into methane for bicarbonate, and the remaining fraction of gas was assigned to sulfide as a final product of increased sulfate reduction bacteria activity. These findings showed that the salt-tolerant microorganism could be incubated and the anaerobic digestion process could be adapted for a high-saline substrate, implying that the biodegradability of phytoremediation end-products may be used for methane production.


Author(s):  
Sergii Digtiar ◽  
Alyona Pasenko ◽  
Olha Novokhatko ◽  
Oksana Maznytska ◽  
Olena Nykyforova

Due to the istabiity of market prices for traditional hydrocarbon energy resources and negative impact of their combustion products on the environment, recently quite rapidly develop technology that provide for, first of all, renewable energy sources. One of the promising areas of alternative energy is bioenergy is a branch of biotechnology that considers organic matter of biomass of various origins (mainly agricultural waste) as a fuel source. Among the main advantages of energy biotechnology, it should be noted the speed and relative ease of recovery of the energy substrate, as well as the fact that it is not alien to the environment, so, even if released in quantities exceeding the permissible ones, this will not lead to irreversible changes in the ecosystem. Excess biomass will quickly be incorporated into biogeochemical cycles, which is the key to minimizing environmental damage. The process of bioconversion of methane from organic substrate compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, organic acids, alcohols), which in three stages, is called methanogenesis. This process involves a specific complex bacterial enzyme system, consisting of the following coenzymes: methanofuran, tetrahydro-methanopterin, coenzymes F420 and F430, coenzyme M (CoM), coenzyme B. Using of ways of processing and waste disposal, that based on alternative biological recycling methods of organic pollutants does not always allow to achieve the expected effect, in particular on artificially created ecosystems of animal farms working in a closed mode. Concentration on a small area of a significant amount of biowaste (manure, dung, process runoffs etc.) of the cattle kept in the facilities of live-stock industry, contaminates soils, water bodies and atmospheric air with microorganisms, dust, harmful gases and other decomposition products. Often, it is one of the main factors constrainting on the growth of livestock enterprises and agro-industrial complex (AIC) capacities in general, restraining the economic development of regions specializing in agricultural production. For the first time in the region, study was carried out in order to determine the most efficient way to process miskantus phytomass for the production as target products of methane-containing biogas mixture and organo-mineral fertilizer suitable for use in agriculture and forestry. An economically and ecologically attractive way of utilization of wastes of phyto- and zoogenic origin, which makes it possible significantly reduce anthropogenic pressure on the environment, has been proposed.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girum Ayalneh Tiruye

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are emerging as a versatile eco-friendly bioelectrochemical system (BES) that utilizes microorganisms as biocatalysts to simultaneously convert chemical energy in the chemical bond of organic and inorganic substrates into bioelectricity and treat wastewater. The performance of MFC depends on the electroactive microorganisms, popularly known as exoelectrogens, the loading rate of organic substrate, pH, MFC configurations, hydraulic retention time, and temperature. In most cases, the performance of MFC can be evaluated by measuring chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, Coulombic efficiency and MFC power density output. To date, the most common MFC’s reactor designs are single-chamber MFC, double-chambers MFC, and stacked-MFC configurations. Generally, considerable developments in MFC systems for waste treatment, renewable energy generation and resource recovery have been made in the last two decades, despite critical challenges of capital cost investment, and low efficiency for large scale applications are impeding MFC from commercialization. This mini-review chapter provides a comprehensive assessment of principles and configurations of MFC, treatment of domestic wastewater, energy generation, and resource recovery by MFC and challenges of MFC. I believe the information provided in this chapter will enlighten the current and future prospects of versatile applications of MFC during domestic wastewater treatment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11664
Author(s):  
Liliana Bobirică ◽  
Constantin Bobirică ◽  
Giovanina Iuliana Lupu ◽  
Cristina Orbeci

The influence of some operating parameters of an UV photocatalytic reactor with TiO2/stainless steel photocatalytic membrane on the photocatalytic oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solutions was studied in this paper. It was shown that the pH of the working solution substantially influences the photocatalytic degradation of the organic substrate, with the degradation efficiency increasing with decreasing the pH of the working solution by a maximum corresponding to pH 3. The rate constant of the photocatalytic oxidation process is about twice as high at pH 3 comparative with pH 7 for the same initial concentration of the organic substrate. The molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide/organic substrate also influences the photocatalytic oxidation process of the organic substrate. The results obtained in this paper highlight the fact that a stoichiometric molar ratio is favorable for the photocatalytic degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol. It has also been shown that the initial concentration of the organic substrate influences the rate of photocatalytic degradation. It appears that the rate of photocatalytic degradation decreases with the increasing of initial concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol.


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