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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that starts early in life and often leads
to micro- and macrovascular complications. The incidence of the disease is lower than that of type 2
DM and varies in different countries and ethnic groups, and the etiological and pathogenetic factors are
different from T2DM. The aim of this overview is to investigate the effect of T1DM on all-cause mortality
and CVD morbidity and mortality. During the last decades, the treatment of T1DM has improved
the prognosis of the patients. Still, the mortality rates are higher than those of the age- and sex-matched
general population. With the prolonged survival, the macrovascular complications and cardiovascular
diseases (CVD) appear as major health problems in the management of patients with T1DM. The studies
on the CVD morbidity and mortality in this disease group are sparse, but they reveal that T1DM is
associated with at least 30% higher mortality. In comparison to healthy people, CVDs are more common
in T1DM patients and they occur earlier in life.
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Furthermore, they are a major cause for death and impaired quality of life in T1DM patients. The correlation
between diabetic control and the duration of T1DM is not always present or is insignificant. Nevertheless,
the early detection of the preclinical stages of the diseases and the risk factors for their development
is important; similarly, the efforts to improve glycemic and metabolic control are of paramount
importance.
Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Patient’s Micro- and Macrovascular Complications, Sex Hormones, and Other Clinical Data
