The truth about Pea mild mosaic virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Perez-Egusquiza ◽  
J. Z. Tang ◽  
L. I. Ward ◽  
J. D. Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Mild Mosaic Virus

Detection of Banana mild mosaic virus and Banana virus X by polyvalent degenerate oligonucleotide RT-PCR (PDO-RT-PCR)

2007 ◽  
Vol 142 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Yves Teycheney ◽  
Isabelle Acina ◽  
Benham E.L. Lockhart ◽  
Thierry Candresse
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽  
Mild Mosaic Virus

scholarly journals Mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Species Associated with Cacao Mild Mosaic Virus and Evidence of Virus Acquisition

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Alina S. Puig ◽  
Sarah Wurzel ◽  
Stephanie Suarez ◽  
Jean-Philippe Marelli ◽  
Jerome Niogret
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Coat Protein Region ◽  
Maconellicoccus Hirsutus ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Mild Mosaic Virus ◽  
Pseudococcus Comstocki ◽  
Genus One

Theobroma cacao is affected by viruses on every continent where the crop is cultivated, with the most well-known ones belonging to the Badnavirus genus. One of these, cacao mild mosaic virus (CaMMV), is present in the Americas, and is transmitted by several species of Pseudococcidae (mealybugs). To determine which species are associated with virus-affected cacao plants in North America, and to assess their potential as vectors, mealybugs (n = 166) were collected from infected trees in Florida, and identified using COI, ITS2, and 28S markers. The species present were Pseudococcus jackbeardsleyi (38%; n = 63), Maconellicoccus hirsutus (34.3%; n = 57), Pseudococcus comstocki (15.7%; n = 26), and Ferrisia virgata (12%; n = 20). Virus acquisition was assessed by testing mealybug DNA (0.8 ng) using a nested PCR that amplified a 500 bp fragment of the movement protein–coat protein region of CaMMV. Virus sequences were obtained from 34.6 to 43.1% of the insects tested; however, acquisition did not differ among species, X2 (3, N = 166) = 0.56, p < 0.91. This study identified two new mealybug species, P. jackbeardsleyi and M. hirsutus, as potential vectors of CaMMV. This information is essential for understanding the infection cycle of CaMMV and developing effective management strategies.

scholarly journals First Report of Yam mild mosaic virus in Yam in Guangxi Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320-1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Zou ◽  
J. Meng ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
M. Wei ◽  
J. Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Degenerate Primers ◽  
Germplasm Exchange ◽  
First Report ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Mild Mosaic Virus

Yams (Dioscorea spp.) are widely grown in China as vegetables and herbal medicine. However, studies on viral diseases on yams are still limited. As a pilot project of a government initiative for improving yam productivity, a small study was conducted in Guangxi, a southern province of China, on viral disease in yams. Incidence of virus-like disease for the three extensively grown D. alata cultivars, GH2, GH5, and GH6, were 12 to 40%, 12 to 29%, and 11 to 25%, respectively, as found in a field survey with a five-plot sampling method in 2010. A total of 112 leaf samples showing mosaic or mottling or leaves without symptoms were collected from the cvs. GH2, GH5, GH6, and seven additional cultivars (D. alata cvs. GY2, GY23, GY47, GY69, GY62, GY72, and D. batatas cv. Tiegun). To determine if the symptoms were caused by Yam mild mosaic virus (YMMV; genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), total RNA was extracted from leaves with a commercial RNA purification kit (TIANGEN, Beijing, China), and reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR was conducted with a YMMV-specific primer pair (4) that amplifies the 3′-terminal portion of the viral genome. A PCR product with the predicted size of 262 bp was obtained from samples of GH5 (number testing positive of total number of leaves = 5 of 12), GH6 (24 of 42), and GY72 (1 of 1), but not from asymptomatic leaves. PCR products from a GH5 sample (YMMV-Nanning) and a GH6 sample (YMMV-Luzhai) were cloned and sequenced using an ABI PRISM 3770 DNA Sequencer. The two PCR products were 97% identical at nucleotide (nt) level and with the highest homology (89% identity) to a YMMV isolate (GenBank Accession No. AJ305466). To further characterize the isolates, degenerate primers (2) were used to amplify viral genome sequence corresponding to the C-terminal region of the nuclear inclusion protein b (NIb) and the N-terminal region of the coat protein (CP). These 781-nt fragments were sequenced and a new primer, YMMV For1 (5′-TTCATGTCGCACAAAGCAGTTAAG-3′) corresponding to the NIb region, was designed and used together with primer YMMV UTR 1R to amplify a fragment that covers the complete CP region of YMMV by RT-PCR. These 1,278-nt fragments were sequenced (GenBank Accession Nos. JF357962 and JF357963). CP nucleotide sequences of the YMMV-Nanning and YMMV-Luzhai isolates were 94% similar, while amino acid sequences were 99% similar. BLAST searches revealed a nucleotide identity of 82 to 89% and a similarity of 88 to 97% for amino acids to sequences of YMMV isolates (AF548499 and AF548519 and AAQ12304 and BAA82070, respectively) in GenBank. YMMV is known to be prevalent on D. alata in Africa and the South Pacific, and has recently been identified in the Caribbean (1) and Colombia (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of YMMV in China and it may have implications for yam production and germplasm exchange within China. References: (1) M. Bousalem and S. Dallot. Plant Dis. 84:200, 2000. (2) D. Colinet et al. Phytopathology 84:65, 1994. (3) S. Dallot et al. Plant Dis. 85:803, 2001. (4) R. A. Mumford and S. E. Seal. J. Virol. Methods 69:73, 1997.

scholarly journals Turnip mosaic virus P1 suppresses JA biosynthesis by degrading cpSRP54 that delivers AOCs onto the thylakoid membrane to facilitate viral infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1010108
Author(s):  
Mengfei Ji ◽  
Jinping Zhao ◽  
Kelei Han ◽  
Weijun Cui ◽  
Xinyang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
Turnip Mosaic Virus ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Allene Oxide ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Mild Mosaic Virus ◽  
Infection Interaction

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a crucial hormone in plant antiviral immunity. Increasing evidence shows that viruses counter this host immune response by interfering with JA biosynthesis and signaling. However, the mechanism by which viruses affect JA biosynthesis is still largely unexplored. Here, we show that a highly conserved chloroplast protein cpSRP54 was downregulated in Nicotiana benthamiana infected by turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Its silencing facilitated TuMV infection. Furthermore, cpSRP54 interacted with allene oxide cyclases (AOCs), key JA biosynthesis enzymes, and was responsible for delivering AOCs onto the thylakoid membrane (TM). Interestingly, TuMV P1 protein interacted with cpSRP54 and mediated its degradation via the 26S proteosome and autophagy pathways. The results suggest that TuMV has evolved a strategy, through the inhibition of cpSRP54 and its delivery of AOCs to the TM, to suppress JA biosynthesis and enhance viral infection. Interaction between cpSRP54 and AOCs was shown to be conserved in Arabidopsis and rice, while cpSRP54 also interacted with, and was degraded by, pepper mild mosaic virus (PMMoV) 126 kDa protein and potato virus X (PVX) p25 protein, indicating that suppression of cpSRP54 may be a common mechanism used by viruses to counter the antiviral JA pathway.

The effect of cereal break crops on barley mild mosaic virus

1993 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J ADAMS ◽  
D R JONES ◽  
T M O'NEILL ◽  
S A HILL
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Mild Mosaic Virus

scholarly journals Identification of Divergent Isolates of Banana Mild Mosaic Virus and Development of a New Diagnostic Primer to Improve Detection

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1045
Author(s):  
Marwa Hanafi ◽  
Rachid Tahzima ◽  
Sofiene Ben Kaab ◽  
Lucie Tamisier ◽  
Nicolas Roux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Genome Variability ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Reverse Primer ◽  
Mild Mosaic Virus ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

Banana mild mosaic virus (BanMMV) (Betaflexiviridae, Quinvirinae, unassigned species) is a filamentous virus belonging to the Betaflexiviridae family. It infects Musa spp. with a very wide geographic distribution. The genome variability of plant viruses, including the members of the Betaflexiviridae family, makes their molecular detection by specific primers particularly challenging. During routine indexing of the Musa germplasm accessions, a discrepancy was observed between electron microscopy and immunocapture (IC) reverse transcription (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results for one asymptomatic accession. Filamentous viral particles were observed while molecular tests failed to amplify any fragment. The accession underwent high-throughput sequencing and two complete genomes of BanMMV with 75.3% of identity were assembled. Based on these sequences and on the 54 coat protein sequences available from GenBank, a new forward primer, named BanMMV CP9, compatible with Poty1, an oligodT reverse primer already used in diagnostics, was designed. A retrospective analysis of 110 different germplasm accessions from diverse origins was conducted, comparing BanMMCP2 and BanMMV CP9 primers. Of these 110 accessions, 16 tested positive with both BanMMCP2 and BanMMV CP9, 3 were positive with only BanMMCP2 and 2 tested positive with only BanMMV CP9. Otherwise, 89 were negative with the two primers and free of flexuous virions. Sanger sequencing was performed from purified PCR products in order to confirm the amplification of the BanMMV sequence for the five accessions with contrasting results. It is highly recommended to use the two primers successively to improve the inclusiveness of the protocol.

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